llJBRARY OF CONGRESS. I 






f UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. ! 



ABC 



CHRONOLOGY. 



THIE -A.. B- G 



OF 



CHRONOLOGY. 

PSYCHOLOGICAL, MATHEMATICAL, 
AND PHILOSOPHICAL. 



SYSTEM OF DR. BAYNE. 
>. 6 ^ 



-^ 



-o ^--5-4- 



Under the progressive theory, history is no longer viewed as a mere organic 
mass of names, dates and facts, but as Spirit and Life ; and, therefore, as process, 
motion, development, passing through various stages ; ever rising to some higher 
state, yet identical with itself, so that the end is but the full unfolding of the 
beginning. — A non. 

It is by necessity that man is /ree^ and it is only in necessity that he experi- 
ences liberty. Liberty, without necessity, is an arbitrary abstraction— a purely 
formal liberty. — Hegel. 

" Numbers are the principle {,esse) of ali that exists, and the world subsists by 
the rhythmical order of the elements." — Pythagortts, 



COPYRIGHT SECURED. 



<|:^§L^. 



PORTLAND, ME : 
HOYT, FOGG & DONHAM, 

1880, 



^ 



THE LIBRARY 

or CONGRESS 

WASHINGTON 



PREFACE 



As to the origin of the present Scheme, it may- 
wen be surmised that it did not spring full grown into 
being like Minerva from the head of Jupiter; nor is it 
now offered without some misgiving of possible defect. 
Undertaken at first as a recreation from a widely differ- 
ent pursuit, it had no higher ambition than a Muster- 
Roil of the Ages, drawing a line here and there in favor 
of the really great and good, and placing the seal of 
condemnation upon the enemies of mankind. Merito- 
rious as such an idea might seem, it was found to be im- 
practicable. We could not safely indulge harsh judg- 
ment, and it was still less safe when applied to a vista 
of thousands of years. We cannot measure the expe- 
rience of past ages by our own, nor say that a thing 
which is impossible to us was not possible to them. 
Few in number are those, even in our own day, who can 
rise above the common experience without risk of a fall. 
Jn past times, when the moral support was weaker, the 
fall was almost certain. What is true in the abstract, 
may be erroneous in the concrete. To be absolutely 
just^ in the midst of chicanery and deceit, is simply to 
be a martyr to principle — very commendable, but very 
nonsensical. In Rome, a man must be a Roman, and 
bide his time to become a Christian. 

A scheme of some breadth, to say nothing of depth, 
and other remarkable qualities, was, therefore, a moral 
necessity. So it has chanced that the work begun as a 
recreation has assumed serious proportions. 



IV PREFACE. ' 

. What is here given, however, is a mere Synopsis 
of something more to come, provided the outline meets 
with due acceptance. An affair of this kind will, of 
course, run counter to popular notions, and thus receive 
its full share of opprobrious criticism. This we shall 
not violently object to. But we trust that when the 
storm clears away, calmer councils will prevail. 

The Scheme now proposed has unexpectedly as- 
sumed certain musical features which may prove highly 
diverting for the cold winter evening. We freely admit 
that there is something unique in it. That history, which 
is a mere record of tyrannies and atrocities of every 
kind, should, by any process, be reduced to a harmo- 
nious jingle, will, at first sight, be set down as the su- 
preme novelty of the day. Now, had this been intend- 
ed, we should, in our utter ignorance of the science of 
music, have taken the precaution to consult a musical 
authority. Since we have done nothing of the kind, the 
chances are that it is not musical at all, or else that it 
is of such an execrable sort as will, after all, fitly cor- 
respond with the popular estimate of history ! 

The fact is we could not think of taking this view 
of it. As well might we take the Police Gazette as an 
epitome of society at the present day. We make little 
of the harpies and parasites who have thrust themselves 
into notice. The rise of a dynasty is best expressed by 
its fall. It was discreditable in the beginning, and a 
disgrace in the end. Behind the naked and obtrusive 
fact, is the Society which was victimized by it, the move- 
ment of which is almost unknown. Yet it is this, above 
all things, that requires the exposition which is here 
attempted. 



PREFACE. V. 

A Psychological Chronology, then, will, in the na- 
ture of the case, be somewhat philosophical ; and on 
the heels of this, be also somewhat mathematical. 

All things tend to an equilibrium in the world of 
matter, Cceteris paribus^ all things tend to a state of 
rest or peace in the world of miiid. But by what law? 
We must be sure of our footing. The answer is, the 
principle of Divine Justice, — the force working for 
righteousness; or, in other words, the Mathematical re- 
lation of the parts to the whole ; for a principle which 
does not embody itself in action — Justice without her 
sword — without her weights and scales — would be an 
abstraction. Now we do know that the mountains are 
literally weighed, the waters measured, and all nature 
assured of its time and place. Why not man? Thus 
^ve presuppose what can only be inferred, while we 
g.adly accept every well established fact. 

An analysis of the frame-work of human Society, 
its rule of procedure, its struggles, its triumphs, its 
guiding-star, and probable destiny are the chief features 
of the present system. 

It has been both perplexing and exasperating to 
encounter the discrepancies of historians and chronolo- 
gists as to dates. The latter, indeed, may as well hang 
up their fiddle, for if they must differ, by whole ceiitu 
ries as to the same fact, the pretence to scientific chro- 
nology becomes in the last degree ridiculous. It is es- 
sential to the present scheme not only that it should 
have a correct starting-point, but that it should have 
the exact year of birth of every historical individ- 
ual. In the absence of reliable figures, we should be 
reduced to the necessity of fixing these dates, and thus 



VI. PREFACE. 

become liable to the charge of manufacturing a Chro- 
nology to suit our purpose. Rather than do so, we have 
thrown the names together, as best we could, omitting 
some thousands which might be added, that the reader 
may have an opportunity of filling up the blanks in a 
manner satisfactory to himself. It is hoped that the 
peculiarity of this system may impart a zest to such an 
effort, and add much to the interest of historical study. 



The following remarks by Mr. Wendell Phillips, 

himself high historical authority, are pertinent in the 

present connection : 

" History is no connection of shreds and patches, nor is it an 
old almanac with only dates. If it were so it would be of little in- 
terest and of less value, for we never should arrive at any satisfac- 
tory result from its consideration. You know this well ; for if you 
should try to find out the details and exact truth of an event that 
took place yesterday in the next street, in three cases out of five you 
would end in doubt. This generation has had a most emphatic proof 
of that. Do not, then, suppose that we have got the exact and ac- 
curate truth — the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth — 
touching what any individual, man or woman, did here or elsewhere, 
one hundred years ago. But when you look at history as noting great 
principles, planted by the efforts of men or movements of nations, 
see the principles flowering out into a glorious fruitage, or affording 
the root from which many and tall branches of mischief grow ; 
when you think of it as a thread showing you that the child is father 
of the man, and that one century necessarily grows out of the other, 
then we can reach with fair accuracy some definite result, and then 
we find history is indeed philosophy teaching by example." 



s^c^olofgifal Cl^raitobgjJ. 



INTRODUCTION. 

This System may be said to include the Idealism of Plato, with 
the doctrine of numbers as given by Tythagorus. It contemplates 
mankind en masse, while it segregates individuals with a nicety and 
precision which has never before been attainable. 

There are certain ideas which are fundamental to human exist- 
ence, and others which are merely accessory, These are susceptible 
of classification by groups, as they have naturally arisen in the pro- 
gress of time. Moreover, they hold a fixed relation to time. But 
if this doctrine implies necessity, it does not impair liberty. It is 
with the fundamental ideas (or conditions) only that we have to do 
in this Synopsis. Their succession is implied in the order follow- 
ing: 

I. The class relating to Agriculture, Architecture and Astro- 
nomy. That is to say, to the land, a domicile, and an attention to 
the time and seasons. For the sake of simplicity we take the initial 
letter, and mark this class A. Under this letter, then, it will be un- 
derstood that these subjects are specially indicated wherever it oc- 
curs, at first as rudimental, then as progressive, and finally, as separ- 
ating themselves into distinct elements, and assuming the character- 
istics of true science. 

But this letter A is also Symbolical. In the Pre-historic, it re- 
presents the land alone ; in due time the era of vegetation ; still fur- 
ther on, an animal, and finally, a man, which it literally signifies- 
Thus A stands for all new beginnings, let their character be what 
they may. 

Besides this symbolical feature, A has also a geographical rela- 
tion historically to certain countries or nations, by whom its ideas 
were originally developed. Africa, for one example ; Asia, for ano- 
ther. But these being too general, it narrows down conspicuously 



8 



INTRODUCTION. 



to Egypt and Armenia, in the ancient world, and to Austria, Amer- 
ica, and Australia, in modern times. Thus while A founds an 
empire, with agriculture and architecture as its dominant ideas, it 
makes old Egypt primarily the seat of that empire, until the scene 
shifts to other fields. 

Thi? exolanation of the function of class A, is perhaps full 
enough for present purposes. If the reader would learn more, let 
him consult the first historical work that comes to hand. Agricul- 
ture is the most formidable element of early society. Consider the 
state of Eg}'pt under the rule of Joseph; the restrictions put upon 
the tenure of land by the Mosaic law. Or if modern examples are 
preferred, the state of France under the Bourbons, the state of Eng- 
land prior to the time of Henry VI II.; or the state of Hungary of 
to-day. The tenure of land reared vast feudalities, and founded 
enormous mo^iarchies. It was the beginning of the contention be- 
tween the Celts and Romans ; it was the origin of the Vandal inva- 
sion, and later that of the Danes and Normans. We may see the 
germs of it in the United States, and let us hope that its mischievous 
growth will be nipped in the bud. 

2. The second class relates to metals and minerals, and the 
mechanical appliances requisite to work them. This is class B. 
Now the earliest known metals were doubtless gold and silver, be- 
cause the easiest to reach, and the most malleable. Brass and 
bronze, however, were the metals of utihty. It requires but a slight 
stretch of the imagination to make B symbolize Biblical in the ver\- 
highest sense of the term, since precious truth and precious metal 
are tokens one of the other. The Hebrews, therefore, are to come 
in under B. 

There is a long story to tell here, which it is requisite to cut 
short. The Jews are known as the Bullionists of modern times. 
This was not always the case. Among the civil regulations of the 
Israelites was one requiring every boy to learn some kind of handi- 
craft. This species of labor was highly honored in ancient times, 
even the priests giving it the support of personal example. The 
consequence was that the skilled workmen of that nation were cov- 
eted by their neighbors, and were either bribed, or were carried away. 
The Babylonian captivity seems to have had this for its motive, 
which, of course, was rendered easier by their civil dissensions. The 
Jews were always jnvelers, as far as we know, and their present po- 
sition in the world, is but a reflection of their earlier history. 

We see it stated that the Egyptians were familiar with stone 
cutting tools before the time of Abraham. The Hebrews go back 
further than that ; to even antediluvian days. In fact, the Egyptian 



INTRODUCTION. 9 

and Chinese "reign of the gods," before the flood, designate by 
name, as deities, several of those benefactors who first taught the 
use of metals, and the appliances that came with them. 

The growth of European civihzation is but a repetition of that 
of the ancients in many respects. Society is properly contemplated 
as a vast industry, with the Government at its head. The theory 
upon which the government of the United States is founded, is with- 
out example, and without inherent stability. 

Returning from this digression, we repeat that B has a geogra- 
phical relation as to the places where, and the peoples by whom, the 
metals were developed, giving the first place to the Hebrews. 

This does not conclude the matter, however. What became of 
the ten tribes? We see around us the other two. To say that 
they have become totally extinct, is merely begging the question. 
Were not those tribes scattered to every port on the Mediterranean, 
and from thence over Europe ? We do know that Spain, Italy and 
Germany received many of them. Is it assuming too much to say 
that the Abrahamic stock is the original Caucasian, and that the en- 
tire white race are his descendants ? The idea is rather startling, 
we confess. But it has its advocates independently of us and we 
are content to let them enjoy it. Still, the persistency with which B 
follows up the big guns, the railroads, and the mettallurgic in general, 
would render the above a plausible explanation. 

3. The third class of ideas relates to the Sea, and involves 
Commerce, Colonization, and Common law. It also brings in cer- 
tain of the occult sciences, chemistry, in particular. This is class C, 
Among the ancients, commerce was first confined to the naviga- 
ble streams. Hence Chaldea, Babylonia, and Assyria, having both 
the Tigris and Euphrates as tributaries, were the earliest in the field. 
At any rate, C sticks to Assyria until the Roman era, and then it 
sticks to Rome until the decline and fall of that empire. Then it 
becomes Asiatic again, and seems to follow Mohommed. This ra- 
ther deranges our C's, for we were desirous of making it stand for 
China, and the Celts. 

The letter C is the key note of old ocean, of all it contains, and 
of all that is carried on by it. In a higher sense, it is the basis of 
law. Commerce as a civilizer ! How her sails whiten every sea ! 
How she binds the world in her golden chain ! The idea is immense! 
Yet commerce has been, until within a very recent date, a mere 
piracy upon the weak, and was held in contempt ty all nations. 



lO INTRODUCTION. 

Man-stealing and woman- stealing were its favorite pastimes. (The 
guilds, or trades-unions, on the contrar}--, received high regard.) The 
lagoons of Venice and Holland afforded a secure retreat to these 
sea-marauders. They increased in wealth and power. The Han- 
seatic league made them audacious. This body actually sustained 
armed fleets, and set at defiance sovereign princes. The Portu- 
gese, the Dutch, and the British East India Companies gave them a 
legal status. 

Does the scheme of nature, which is a scheme of morals, recog- 
nize such a crowd? It certainly does. That law should grou' out 
of an utterly lawless pursuit is a paradox which finds ample illustra- 
tion in the history of every colonization, and in none more so than 
in the settlement of the Pacific slope of the United States. Great 
cities grow up by the side of commerce. These threaten to be as 
great nuisances in modern times, as they were among the ancients. 
So one evil begets another. 

4. The fourth class of ideas would naturally relate to Divitiity 
and Demonology — a vile contrast — yet historically true. All the 
delusions, falsifications, witcher}'-, jugglery, and humbug of every 
kind, which has darkened the human mind, would find a place here, 
and on the general principle of the contact of extremes. This, of 
course, is class D. At a pertain stage, mankind are convinced of 
the existence of an over-ruling power. They are undecided as to its 
character. To them it is the riddle of the Sphinx, to be solved on 
pain of death. They set up their gods accordingly. Now, from 
the first, and all along Deity intervenes to dissipate this ignorance, 
condescending to human thought, language, and action, to be the 
more intelligible. Compromising with the current vices, hold- 
ing out the promise of venial rewards, and threatening with sum- 
mary punishment. In short, pursuing that moderate course which 
a wise legislator would take with refractory subjects. This is reve- 
lation, as received through inspired men. 

It gradually rises in cenception until it reaches the sublime 
height of God, the omniscient, omnipresent, and omnipotent, the 
King Eternal and Invisible — the only wise God ; in action benefi- 
cent, loving, and fatherly, taking no pleasure in the death of the 
wicked, but rather that he would return and live. 

Such a revelation could not be received without corroborative 
evidence out of the usual channel. Accordingly a chosen people, 
are made to compass an extraordinary experience — an experience, 
however, within the reach of every true believer. To say that an 
event is contrary to common experience may be true, so much the 



INTRODUCTION. II 

worse for such an experience. What we have to do with is the tin- 
common experience. This is the exclusive privilege of the children 
of God ; and to argue that He is bound by law, or limited in any 
degree whatever, is to deny His existence outright. Believe in God, 
and He will verify thy belief. But all is dark to the sceptical. 

D, then, is a very important factor in the present scheme, not 
only revealing Himself through prophets, but specially through a 
representative of the God-head in person. At intervals entirely 
through the lapse of time. He visits the whole human family. By 
the present scheme, every seventh day is a sacred day. Every sev- 
enth year is a sabbatical year. Then comes longer periods. For 
example, continuously for 12 years in every 84. Continuously for 
144 years, in every 1008. Continuously, for 576 years, in every 
4032 ; and, finally, continuously, for 1728 years, in every 12.096. 

These visitations are always salutary and beneficent, although 
they have often come in the form of Jiidgme?tts. It would be well, 
therefore, to keep a reverential eye on D, to be quite certain that 
we are in line with D, othenvise D will be upon us, and dark will 
be the day thereof. 

D, by the present scheme, will be apt to mark the truly divine 
man, whether he be a D.D. or not, if the date be correctly given. 
Often it is some founder or benefactor in the arts and sciences, and 
occasionally it is some vile miscreant, who, by his atrocities, insults 
the sun, and becomes an object of universal execration. 

In assigning a geographical relation to D, we may seem to con- 
tradict the preceding hypothesis ; and, to give it to another people 
beside the Israelites, would appear to be in contravention of their 
claim to be chosen of God. But the fact is China has been the scene 
of strife between divinity and diabolism for at least five thousand 
years. It is a power which claims a celestial origin, and not without 
reason. The extraordinary aptitude and vitality of the Chinese of 
to-day is very far from showing an effete race — one that is likely to 
sink out of sight, be gobbled up by other powers, or otherwise de- 
stroyed. The absence of these signs of decay, suggest the existence 
of moral elements in the Chinese system which have given it strength 
and permanence. But whence those moral elements ? 

Without entering further into the argument, we give D to 
China, Chinese Tartary, and Japan. In modern times, we make it 
include Denmark, Norway and Sweden. After these, Russia. If 



12 INTRODUCTION. 

this disposition should prove historically erroneous, it is open to 
revision. 

The sharp critic will be apt to suspect a weak spot here, in 
the absence of a little explanation. B is Biblical. Very well. 
Now what is D, if under that letter, we have the same revelation.^ 
There is a difference. B is historical and prophetical and is the 
basis of ecclesiasticism. D is on a higher key, and is extra-legal 
and extra-Jiidicial. It accepts the ecclesiastical, or rejects it, at 
pleasure; and it sets in motion widely ditferent agencies for the ac- 
complishment of the same end. Thus, it may found a university, 
or a monastery, or possibly a dynasty. It may open the way to 
important discoveries. By increasing the wants of men, it may en- 
large the sphere of their industry ; for it is a notable fact that nature 
looks to a diversity of employment as a source of enjoyment, as well 
as to objects of utility. If we have perverted this salutary design 
by making it a source of oppression, so much the worse for us. We 
will be very likely to hear from it in an unmistakable manner. 

5. The fifth class of ideas relate to Poetry, Philosophy, Litera- 
ture in general, the fine arts, music, the drama, &c., &c. It is the 
Elementary class, in the first instance; then becomes Educational, 
and finally. Ethical. This is class E. We give this letter to 
India in the first instance; then it becomes Indo-European, and 
finally English. 

Class E is the direct result of D, with its logical train of illu- 
minating influences, and harmonizing effects. There may be reli- 
gion without literature, though we have never observed it. But 
there can be no sound literature without religion. E is Ethnolo- 
gical in the beginning, and Ethical in the end. 

India, as the original seat of poetry, philosophy, &c., may not 
be sustained. Why not Greece ? Because India is of very much 
higher antiquity, and must have reached the philosophic stage long 
before Greece assumed a national existence. This position is cor- 
roborated by the growth of the European family of languages, which 
are of Hindoo origin. 

6. The sixth class of ideas are of the heterodox order. Every 
branch of knowledge comes under review. Dogmas are called in 
question. The divine right of kings and priests is assailed. So- 
ciety is unsettled. There is often general, and always local war. 
Radicalism is rampant. This is F. Let us call it re- Formative. 

In the geographical distribution, we give P to Persia, in the 
first instance, and afterwards to France, Belgium, and Switzerland. 



INTRODUCTION. 1 3 

In the pre-historic, F would stand for the traytsitional state, whether 
of earth, air, or sea. Whether of vegetable growth, or of animal 
existence. Under K have occurred the violent earthquakes of early 
times, and even of later times. It is eminently volcanic and elec- 
trical. 

Much fault is found with the Voltaires, Volneys, Darwin s and 
Tyndalls of history, on account of their extreme notions. They are, 
nevertheless, an accredited crowd. Their errand is not, however, 
to establish any tenets of their own, but to separate the chaff from 
the wheat in the tenets of others. The general effect of such 
agitation is never to displace a wholesome truth, but possibly to 
enlarge and confirm it. 

The reader will understand that E means the man of genius 
wherever it occurs iu the present scheme of history. If it includes 
a considerable number of years, it would mark an era of art, litera- 
ture, &c., without regard to geographical distinctions. F, in like 
manner is radical under all circumstances and positions, whether of 
Europe or America, although mercurial France is the centre of it. 

7. The seventh and last class brings in the mathematical and 
physical sciences, Geometry and Geography coming first. This 
class is G. It is closely related to A. Thus, mathematics are 
both Egyptian and Grecian. After Greece, the letter G goes to 
Germany. 

G is symbolic of germination, in both a high and low sense. 
In a low sense as applied to the pre-historic ages, and a high one 
as related to the origin of ideas. The sciences are only germina 
at present ; their blossom and fruit are yet to appear. 

A man of true scientific genius will be apt to be designated by 
G, as Kepler was, but it may occur under A, as Herschel, and 
Tyndall are. Sometimes he is under D, as Copernicus is. There 
is an explanation of this variation, supposing the dates to be given 
correctly, which may appear before we get through. Nature marks 
her own man in all cases. But the results of false training and edu- 
cation are confusing. A mistaken profession is disastrous to the 
individual, and not wholly harmless to society. 

It will be observed that we recognize but sn'en great nations 
of antiquity, and a similar number in modern times. There were 
and are a multitude of smaller powers, but they are either included 
in the greater, or exist by sufifrance only. At first sight, it may be 
doubted whether the ideas which are thus classified do not pertain 
to every nation alike, and to all time alike. So they do, and so they 
do not. We propose to reconcile this seeming paradox. 



14 INTRODUCTION. 

The foregoing classification may not exhaust the field of human 
knowledge, but it certainly does comprehend the great elements 
of human existence. They have arisen and flourished, unmistaka- 
bly, in this orderly succession, and they have had the same relation 
as to time, that they have to geographical distribution. Thus, if the 
Egyptians were the first in agriculture, and the Greeks in mathema- 
tics, by dividing the intervening period by seven, we get an approx- 
imate idea of the time that elapsed between the two. But it would 
never do to separate any class of ideas from the others by long in- 
tervals. Such a proceeding would be fatal to any scheme of history 
whatever. One class may dominate another for the time being, but 
all must participate in the particular movement. 

The remark of Prof. Dana with regard to geology, is just as 
true with respect to history: " The beginning of an age will be in 
the midst of a preceding age, and the marks of the future coming 
out to view, are to be regarded as prophetic of that future." 

To go back further than 7000 years, B. C. historically, is not to 
be thought of. This would give us intervals of looo years each; 
and we hope to show that they are entitled to high consideration. 
But to separate the elements of civil society by such an interval is 
wholly inadmissable. 

Now if we should divide lOOO by seven, we get intervals of 144 
years, nearly. This would be a success as far as it goes. But 144 
years would still be too wide a division for practical purposes. Let 
us divide 144 by 12 at once, and so come down to every day life. 
The result is a more striking success than before. 

The question next arose, why this figure 12 and the square 
of 12? Was there anything peculiar in it? Did it extend further 
down, or higher up ? Was it, in short, wholly capricious, or had it 
a foundation in nature? If we went higher up, we came unavoid- 
ably to the cube oi 12, viz: 1728; if lower down, then ew&xy year 
was as much subject to the ABC process as were the higher num- 
bers. Nothing remained but to test the figures in a practical form. 
Another question, however, presented itself. If these numbers 
are founded in nature, do they extend to the sciences ? Are they 
astronomical ? 

The astronomers make no direct answer. But in giving an ac- 
count of the motions of the heavenly bodies, (the earth Included,) 



mtRODUCTION. 1^ 

we find their figures so close to ours that tlie difference might readi- 
ly be accounted for in the enormous laI)or of astronomical calcula- 
tions, and the defective instruments they are liable to employ. The 
three great cycles of the heavens, for example, rising, as they do, 
one above the other, are not only separated by the cube of 12, but 
their circuits are made up by multiples of that number. 

Now, if this be true, it would follow that the initial point, (in 
the movement of the earth,) must be true also. In other words, 
that the earth must observe a cycle of 1728 years, 

If we examine the ragged end of our solar year, however, we 
find a serious discrepancy. By the " reformed " calender, it amounts 
to 97 days in 400 years. This is a correction which would cut 
down the cycle to nearly the point where the Egyptians had it, 
namely, 1460 years. Still there must be a hitch somewhere, for it 
seems impossible that a figure which is true in the greater cycle, 
should be false in the less. 

There has never been a perfect agreement among nations as to 
this matter of a year. Some have made it 354 days, others 360, 
others 365 3>^. Twelve moons were accounted a year. The Mahom- 
medan year of to-day, made such by the Arabian astronomers, gains 
upon ours by one year in every thirty-three, or thereabouts. It 
seems to us, therefore, that in the midst of such variation, there 
must be room somewhere for a retrograde movement, in which the 
year will recede from January to December, at the rate of 144 years 
to the month, which would be sufficient to furniuh an exact coun- 
terpart to the movement of history as here laid down. 

At this point, we are reminded of the peculiar oscillating mo- 
tion of the pole of the earth to and from the pole star. It appears 
that this singular movement extends to 12 degrees and back again. 
Hipparchus, the astronomer, first took note of the declination a cen- 
tury or so before the Christian era. Since that time the earth has 
returnea to position, and has recommenced the outward movement, 
being, at the present time, about i fo degrees away. Now this ap- 
pears to cover the point in dispute, since the motion referred to is 
at the rate of one degree for every 144 years. 

Now the interest in this cycle of 1728 years consists in the 
wider field which it opens for our generalization of ideas. The 
scheme of dividing by thousands, extended only to Greece, leaving 
the growth of European civilization unprovided for. If we divide 



1 6 INTRODUCTION. 

by cycles of 1728 years, we cover not only all past time, but a con- 
siderable space in the future. 

If the astronomers will look kindly upon us, they may sustain 
our hypothesis by giving the dates of the beginning, the middle or 
the end, of the great Platonic year.* Some of them appear to have 
entertained a thought of the kind. Prof. Loomis, for example, gives 
us a hint of the probable date of Adam. 

Should the astronomers fail us entirely, we still have a resource 
in elementary music. It is a singular fact that history responds to 
rythmical relations, having its key-notes, its octaves,! its discords, 
and its harmonies, precisely like a well-toned instrument. Whimsi- 
cal as this conceit may appear, it seems to be true, nevertheless. 
Is there any good reason why it should not ? Are we, then doomed 
to grope perpetually in the dark ? Or does this scheme open a 
brighter day for poor humanity? It is evident that it must revolu- 
tionize current opinion, suggest an improved method of life, and 
give us a political economy that is worthy of the name. For it de- 
monstrates that our position with regard to ultimate truth is only a 
relative one ; that there is nothing short of mathematics which we 
can accept as absolutely true ; and, on the other hand, that there is 
nothing which has at any time received a general assent, that is, in 
all its phases and bearings, absolutely false. 



* The Platonic Year. — The great cycles referred to above 
are, first, the Tropical Cycle of 20,736 years (corrected figures;) 
second, the Sidereal Cycle of 24,192 years; and, third, the cycle of 
the Platonic year, during the course of which it is supposed that the 
poles of the earth are gradually reversed, the north turning to the 
south, and the south to the north. This is accomplished in 25,920 
years. Now it is important to learn at what date the pole of the 
earth touched the pole star. Our inference is, that it must have 
done so about 6; <2 B. C. 

t The octaves are a matter beyond dispute. They are the natu- 
ral, historical intervals, and by their similarity, suggest the idea of 
a repetition, which is never the case. They enable us to go back- 
ward, chronologically, with safety, and even to anticipate the future. 
1* urthermore, the octave appears to fix a limit to national existence 
in any one form. For example, from the heroic age of Greece, to 
its absorption by Rome, is the octave of 144, or from G to G, 1008 
years. From the era of Rome to the date of Constantine, the great, 
(C to C) is another case. From the time of Charlemagne to Na- 
poleon I. (F to F) is a third case. There are many of them. Take 



INTRODUCTION. I ^ 

the shorter term of 84 years. From 1776 to i860, in American his- 
tory; or 1788 to 1872 in French history; or from Fredericlt, the 
great, to Frederick William IV. in Prussian history; or from George 
III. to Queen Victoria in British history. 

See the Appendix for further illustrations. 

See an interesting lecture on the Study of History by Dr. Gold- 
win Smith, in the Atlantic Monthly for January. 1870, in which, after 
finding Darwinism, Positivism, and other theories, insulficient to 
explain well authenticated historical facts, he hints directly at the 
analogy between progressive astronomy and progressive history, and 
the probability of the one being synchronous with the other. 



EXPLANATION. 
The leading points of the present system are summarised as follows: 

1. That History is a scheme o{ utilities — not of atrocities ; that these utilities 
have a fixed natural basis; and that, whatever may be the vicissitudes of time, 
humanity wi'.l, in the end, be in harmony with them 

2. That these u.iliiies have their times and seasons, in which one of them 
may dominate the others, but still observing an orderly succession, redi ciLle to 
ma hematical rule. Consequently, that one year is not'mzW re'=pects like .nnother, 
and that there may be a nmnber of years quite unlike, in their quality, to other 
numbers— which we mark as Periods, Epochs, or Eras, as the case may be. 

Finally, that there are historical cycles, in correspondence with the celestial 
cycles; that the movementsof the one are synchronous with the other; and that the 
whole has a certain musical relation. 

The present system adopts, therefore, the cycle of 1728 years; dividinejit, first, 
into Periods (f 576 years each; next, into Sections of 144 years each; and last, in- 
to Sub-Sections of 12 years each. This is all that can be attempted in this Synop- 
sis. When we come to the single year, and to single individuals, there is a 
minuteness of detail which is incompatible with the preset t purpose, involving, as 
it would, a science of society which is yet in the far distant fuhi.'vs. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



Sec- 

tion. 

A. 



B.C. 

7056 
6984 



In the Beginning, God I 

Date of Adam, according to Regimontanus, 



Note.— There are more than two hundred variations from this date, of which 
we give only a few. It has become a question of less interest inconsequence of the 
persistent effort of modern theorists to displace Adam altosjether. This, however, 
will never be a success. An investigation conducted upon sceptical principles, 
never did succeed, and never will. True science leads to God, and thus ends 
where Moses begins. It is to be hoped that we shall never be so lost to decency— 
so utterly irreverent— as to deny the sanctity of our own creation. The thcught 
is debasing. There would be danger of a retrogade movement by the same road 
by which we are said to have advanced, and eventually to become what we are 
said to have been. "As a man thinketh, so is he." 

Nevertheless, the scientific question is more or less involved in the present 
scheme. We find in reality more than one " beginning." But such beginnings, 
anterior to Adam, were of a widely different character. The sacred texi, with 
characteristic candor, affirms a race coincident with Adam. There were jf/aw/j in 
those days. But there had been dtuarfs also, if tradition is to be believed. Now 
there is no physiological difficulty in the way of the transformation of the one into 
the other; of the black becoming white; or of any variation whatever; since such 
changes aie not unknown in our own day. But any other tha-i fixed types are of 
brief existence. A race of medium stature and of remarkable longevity, would fol- 
low upon strictly natural principles. This was the race of Adam. 

The remainder is merely critical and historical. Whence the conception of a 
spiritual creation? That, at least, is unphysiological.* Whence the early faith of 
the Egyptians, the Chinese, the Chaldeans, and the Hebrews? This was in ad- 
Vance of any subsequent age, not excepting our own. How are we to account for 
the early civilization, its progress in the arts, and its gigantic enterpnzes? No 
savage race accepts tha civilized state except under compulsion. But we read of 
no compelling power in the early age. It was a spontaneous outburst, without the 
stimulus of conquest, without those later nurseries, walled cities, without commer- 
cial intercourse, and without a literature. In short, the early age was the very 
reverse of all modern conceptions upon this subject, consisting merely of a body of 
shepherds and their flocks, isolated from all of those conditions upon which a spir- 
itually-minded society is supposed to rest, and in the absence of which it is not ex- 
pected to exist. Now, if there be any virtue in the present scheme, it will be apt 
to show the constant action of Deity, generally through law, but on great occa- 
sions, quite above law. So far as the case in hand is concerned, we can predi- 
cate nothing with regard to the primitive age, upon existing facts. The race of 
Adam was actually born into and from the spiritual world, owing its allegiance 
there, deriving its ideas and peculiar language from it ; holding habitual and fa- 
miliar intercourse with It; and being in all important respects, nurtured therein. 
The evidence of this state of facts will be in the coincidence of the end with the 
beginning. The drift of all spiritually-minded people is toward the immortal life, 
and to a closer relation with the spiritual "World. 

* That is to say, such a conception could not arise from merely physical condi- 
tions. Physiology is remarkable as an inexact science. We cannot tell where it 
begins or ends. It is impossible to say whether it is controlled the most by chemi- 
cal affinities or dynamic agencies. There is no physiological law v^hich contra- 
dicts the possiljility of materialitjj and immortality. The process of becoming re-* 
latively old, and then yonog again, is not uuknown to physical science. 



20 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



B.C. 

6912 
6768 
6624 
6480 



6336' 
6192 
6174 
6158 

6157 
6048: 

5904 



5760 
5616 
550^ 
5472 
541 1 
:28 



FIRST CYCLE. A. 

Astronomical, 

Pre-historical, — Mineral. 

The Sea. 
Deo Volanie. 
Ethnological. 

PERIOD B. Mettalic. 

Reformative — Earthquakes. 

Germinal. 

Hindoo Era. according to Gentih 

Babylonian, according to Bailly, 

Chinese, according to Bailly, 

Egyptian. 

Metals and Minerals. 

PERIOD C. The Sea. 

Subsidence of the Waters. 

Deo Vol ante. 

Adam, according to the Greek Septuaginty 

Ethnological, or Ethical. 

Adam, according to Hales. 

Reformative Era, The Sea. 

*** In the absence of proof of the existence of human beings, it 
is fair to assume the absence of the conditions necessary to such exist- 
ence. An earlier date than the above is wholly inadmissible. 



5184 
5181 
5040 
5004 
4976 
4896 
4786 
4752 



4616 
4608 

4555 



SECOND CYCLE. B. 

Metals and Minerals. 

PERIOD D. Deo Volante, 

Germinal and Geographical. 
Seth, according to Hales. 
Adam, by the present scheme. 
Menes, according to Mariette. 
Enos, according to Hales. 
Metals and Minerals. 
Canaan, according to Hales. 
Movement on the Sea. 

PERIOD E. Ethnological or EthicaL 

Mehalaleel, according to Hales. 

Deo Volante. 

Menes, according to Brugsch. 



B.C. 

4464 

4451 
4320 
42S9 
4176 
4124 



4032 

3937 
3888 

3755 
3744 

3600 



3456 
331: 
3168 

3153 
3101 

3024 



2736 
259: 
=532 
244S 



J304 
2286 
2244 
2208 
2170 

2160 
2060 
2016 



1872 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



Jared, according to Hales. 

Reformative. 

Enoch, according to Hales. 

Adam, by Harper's Eccles. Cyclop. 

Methuselah, according to Hales. 

PERIOD F Reformative. 

Adam, according to Usher, (nearly), 

Lamech, according to Hales. 

Biblical. 

Noah, according to Hales. 

Chaldea. The Sea. 

Era of Ptah Hotep, the Confucius of Egypt, 

Era of the Celestial rulers of China. 



21 



THIRD CYCLE. C. ' 

Tfie Sea, Dominant. 

PERIOD G. Geographical. 

Enoch, by the present scheme. 

Reformative. 

Germinal. 

Shem, according to Hales. 

Hindoo Era of Kaliyug. 

Noah, by the present Scheme. 

PERIOD A. Astronomical. 

Shem, Ham and Japheth, by this Scheme. 

Era of the Deluge. 

Deo Volante, — Ti-Ku is Chinese emperor at this date. 

Arphaxad, born. 

Eber, — Era of Assyria, according to Berosus. 

PERIOD B. Biblical. 

Era of Job and Melchizedec. 

Terah, born, — Chaldean monarchy founded. 

The city of Damascus is founded. 

XVth Egyptian dynasty. Shepherd Kings. 

Era of the Great Pyramid, — Prof. Smyth. 

Great year of the Pleiades. 

Abraham, born, according to Hales. 

Isaac. 

Jacob, by this system. 

XVI Ith Egyptian dynasty. 

The Israelites, — ^Joseph iu Egypt. 



22 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



FOURTH CYCLE. -D. 

Deo Volante. 
PERIOD C. 

Cajmnerce-i Colonization^ Common Law. 
Mem. — This Cycle is carried out in sub-sections of 12 years, thus 
showing the Jewish Cycle of 84 years — the octave of 12. This entire 
Cycle is on D, with a Special Period after 1152 B. C. The sub-sec- 
tions do not show the special key-notes of individuals^ as might be 
erroneously supposed, but only the general designations of such sub- 
sections. For marks of individuals see A. D. 1764, and all after that 
date. 

SECTION C. Chaldea, 

Moses, according to Hales, and by this System. 

Etliical and Educational, — India. 

Reformative. 

Grecian Era. — Inachus. 

Ahmed, the great, of Egypt. 

The Israelites in a bad fix. 

The rhoenecians, — The Sea. 

The I'xodus. — Deo Volante. 

Ethical and Educational. — India, 

Media and Persia, irj the distance. - 

Greece. — Cerops rounds Athens. 

XVIIIth Egyptian dynasty. 

SECTION D. Deo Volante—China, 

The Jewish Theocracy. 

The Law. — Commerce, — Chaldea. 

Deo Volante. — China. 

Ethical, — India. 

Persia, — Reformative. 

Corinth founded, — Grecian. 

Amasis, Pharaoh, 

The Israelites, — Biblical. 

Asshnr-upallit, of Assyria. 

Deo Volante, — China. 

Educational, &c. — India. 

Media and Persia, — Revolutionary. 

SECTION E, Poetry, Philosophy y&»c. 
Brahminical Era,— Ramayana, the great. 
Sethos I., of Egypt. 
Deborah, the prophetess. 
Chaldea and Assyria. 
Deo Vo/ante,^Chmz, Tartary, Japan. 



Sub 
Sec. 

E 
F 
G 
A 
B 
C 



B.C. 

1380 
—68 
-56 
—44 
—32 
— 20 

—08 



E 1296 
F 

G |— 72 
A —60 
B — 
C !-36 
D —24 
E ' — 12 
1200 
11S8 
-76 
-64 



C 1152 
D 1 140 

E I- 28 

— r6 

- 04 
1092 

-80 
—68 

-56 
—44 
-32 

-20 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



Poetry and Philosophy. 

Media and Persia — Transitional. 

Pelops founds the Peloponnessus. 

Thothmes IV. of Egypt. 

The Israehtes. 

Assyria, Babylonia, &c. The Argonauts. 

and Chaldea are united. 
Deo Volant e, — China. 

SECTION F. Media and Persia. 
Persian Era — Zororaster. 
Reformative. 
Diomedes, — Grecian. 
Rameses II. of Egypt. 
The Israelites, — Gideon. 
Tiglathi-Nin, of Assyria. 
Deo Volante, — China. 
India, — Poetry, Philosophy, &c. 
Media and Persia. 
Ulysses, Helen, Paris, &c. Greece. 
Rameses III, of Egypt. 
Eh, Jewish high priest. 



23 



Babylonia 



*** The above Section is accounted "brilliant" in Egyptian annals. 
It was not less so in Greece. But the warhke character of F will be 
recognized in this very fact. While F is strictlv f'ersian, its symbol- 
ism is general, the same rule being applicable all the way down. 

PERIOD D. Deo Vola?ite. 

Special Period of Prophecy. Extending to 576 B. C, 

SECTION G. Greece, Germinal, 

Babylonia and Assyria. Asshur-ris Ilim. 

Samuel, the prophet. 

India,— Ethical and Philosophical. 

Media and Persia. Transitional. 

Codrus, King of Athens. 

Sesostris, of Egypt,— Saul. New departure for the 

Israehtes. Decline of Egypt. 
David bom. 
Tiglath-pileser I. 

Nathan, the prophet. Wu Wang, of China. 
Hesiod, the poet. David is king. 
Media and Persia. Reactionary. 
Hiram, King of Tyre. Greece. 

SECTION A. Egypt. 
A new start all around the board. Egypt falls into the 

hands of the Assyrians, in the course of this Section. 



24 



B.C. 

1008 
996 

-84 
—72 
-60 
-48 





—24 

— 12 

900 

8SS 

876 



864 

852 
840 
828 
816 
804 
792 
780 
768 
756 

747 
744 



732 
721 



720 
708 
696 
684 
672 
660 
648 
641 
636 
624 
612 
606 
600 
588 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



Jeroboam, bom. Solomon is King of Israel. 

Rehoboam, born. 

Shishak, of Assyria. 

Solomon's Temple. 

Homer. 

Jewish dismemberment. 

Jerusalem. 
Amphyctionic Council. 



Shishak makes a foray upon 



Jehosaphat. 
Egypt is gobbled by Shishak. 
Ahab, born. An earthquake in Judea during his reign. 
Asshur-ibannipal I. 
Elijah and Elisha. 
Poetry, Philosophy, &c. 

SECTION B. r/ie Israelites. 
Arbaces, of Media. Trouble among the Jews. 
Lycurgus. Geographical Era. 
XXIIId Egyptian dynasty. 
Jeroboam II. of Israel. 
Shahnanezer II. of Assyria. 
Amos, the prophet. 
Poetry, Art, &c. 
Trouble for the Jews. 
Olympian Era. Greece. 
Roman Era. XXIIId Egyptian dynasty. Assyria is 

divided between Nineveh, Babylonia and Media. 
Era of Nabonassar. 

Hoshea, the prophet. Tiglath-pileser II. 
Syracuse founded. 

Shahnanezer IV. of Assyria. Merodach-Baladin. 
Siege of Samaria. The ten tribes carried away. 

SECTION C. Assyrian aud Roman. 

Isaiah, the prophet. Sennacherib. 

Archilochus, Ionic poet. 

Media and Persia. 

First authentic date in Grecian history. 

Egypt in disgrace, gobbled by Ethiopia. 

Josiah, born. The two tribes. 

Asshur-bani-pal II. of Nineveh. Tullus Hostilius. 

Ancus Martins. 

Daniel born; Jeremiah. Nineveh destroyed, 

Thales : yEsop ; Xenophanes, &c. 

Darius, the Mede, (Cyaxeres). Tarquin, the elder. 

Second invasion of Judea. Jerusalem taken. 

Solon, Periander, Pittacus, &c. Nebuchadnezzar. 

Pharaoh-Necho. Servius-TuUius. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



25 



B.C. 



576 
564 

552 
540 
538 

528 

516 

504 
492 
480 

468 
456 

444 

432 
420 
408 

396 

384 

372 
360 

348 

336 

324 

312 

300 

288 
276 



PERIOD E. Europe and India. 

Era of Philosophy, Poetry, Art, Music, dr^c. 
SECTION D. Deo Volante. 

Ezra and Nehemiah, born. Cyrus, bom. 

Evil-Merodach, of Assyria. 

EzEKiEL, Confucius, Pisistratus. 

Pythagorus ; Sakyamuni, (^Buddha), 

Babylon taken. End of Assyrian empire. Tarquin, the 
proud. 

Cambyses, of Persia. Marseilles founded. Persia in- 
vades India. 

Leonidas. Aristides, the Just. Junius Brutus. The 
Temple at Jerusalem is rebuilt: 

Roman Republic. Egypt under Persia. 

Era of the Jewish Synagogue. Italy and Spain. 

Carthage. CoRiOLANUS. Xerxes I. Law of the Twelve 
Tables. 

Socrates. Cincinnatus. Artaxerxes I. 

Pericles. Perdiccas. Golden Age of Greece. 

Persian decline. Artaxerxes II. (Longimanus) born. 

SECTION E. Europe in particular. 

Plato, Xenophon, Alcibiades. Thucydides, &c., Sparta. 

Egypt under Persia. Darius Ochus. 

Malichi, Diogenes. Artemesia of Helicarnassus, Epam- 

inondas. 
Invasion of the Gauls. Rome. Artaxerxes II. Amyn- 

tas III. 
Aristotle, Demosthenes, Philip, of Macedon, born, 

Theban. 
Anaximenes. Zeno, of the Stoics. Theophrastus. 
Artaxerxes III. (reign). Ptolemy I. born. Alexan- 
der, born. 
Philip II. (reign). Euclid. Epicurus. Bat. ofChae- 

ronea. 
Alexander, the great (reign). Sostratus, the architect, 

Darius III. Alexandria founded. 
Ptolemy {Soter) I. Seleucus I. Cassander. End of 

Macedonian empire. 
Different governments of Rome. Romilcar, of Carthage. 

Decius, the plebian. 
Jews in Egypt. Antiochus, of Syria. 

SECTION F. France and Persia, 

Pyrrhus. Archimedes. Ptolemy II. 
Brennus (2), of the Gauls, invades Greece. 



y 



26 



BC. 

264 

252 
240 
228 

216 

204 
192 

180 
168 

156 
149 



144 



120 



96 
84 

72 
60 

48 

36 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



Eratosthenes. Aristarchus. Antiochus II. (reign). First 
Punic war. Regulus. 

Ptolemy III. Seleucus II. 

Hamilcar. Marcus {Priscus) Cato. Hannibal, 

Scipio {/Ifricanus), major. Quintus Fabius. Antio- 
chus III. Second Punic war. 

Mattathias, born. Great Wall of China built. 

Hipparchus. Polybius. Jews in Syria. 

Critolaus. Manius Acilius Glabrio. Decline of Syria, 
Egypt and Carthage. Scipio (^Afrkanus) , minor. 

Antiochus IV. Perseus. John Hycranus, born. 

Ptolemy VI. (reign). Caius Gracchus. Macedonia a 
Roman province. 

Judas Maccabeus. 

Third Punic war. 

SECTION G. Greece and Germany. 
Mem. — Greece is a Ronian Province at this date. 

Sulla {Sylla). Quintus Mucius, Pontifex Max. 

Wen-ti, is Chinese emperor, restores the ancient litera- 
ture John Hycranus (rule). 

Ptolemy VIII. and Cleopatra III. (reign) Verro. 

Mithridates, the great. Marcus Licinius Crassus. 

Cicero. Casca. Aristobulus. Alexander Jannaeus. 

JuHus Cassar. Pompey. Cassius. Cataline. Cato (Uti- 
censis). Brutus. Balbus, major. 

Tigranes, the great, of Armenia. Sosigenes, astronomer. 
Mark Antony. Hillel, the elder. 

Hycranus 11. Herod, the great, bom. Antiochus XIII. 
Plutarch. Virgil. Horace. 

OcTAViANUs Augustus, born. Jerusalem is taken. Syria 
becomes a Roman province. Seneca. First Ro- 
man Triumvirate. Cleopatra. 

Simeon. Julius Caesar becomes king. Tiberius, born. 
Herod becomes king of Judea. Battle of Philippi. 
Siuen-ti, Chinese emperor. 

Ovid. Strabo. Damascenus. Spain a Roman province. 

Battle of Actium. Augustus C^sar. A great earth- 
quake in Judea at this date. 

Pontius Pilate, born, and probably Judas Iscariot. 

Arminius {Hermann) born. Philo Judaeus. 

Gamaliel, the elder, born. 

Herod Agrippa I., born. 

Claudius Caesar, bom. 

Unknown to history. 

Unknown to history. 

See the New Testament worthies. Paul. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



B.C. 
6 

5 
4 
3 



27 



Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. 

John, the Baptist. Simon Peter. 

The Lord Jesus Christ, born. 

Herod Antipas, the assassin of John, the Baptist, suc- 
ceeds Herod, the great, in Galilee. Archelaus suc- 
ceeds Herod in Judea. 

Appollonius Tyanaeus, the Pythagorean. 

The EssENEES, 

Note. The foregoing is given without the citations and explana- 
tions which properly belong to it, from the necessities of this Synopsis. 
A moderate acquaintance with ancient history, on the part of (he rea- 
der, is taken for granted. If this is examined by the titles of the 
Periods and Sections there cannot be much mistake. 

With regard to the error in the date of the Christian Era, it would 
seem that Dionysius, the Little, was nearer the mark than he has re- 
ceived credit for. Any other figure, later or earlier, would not have 
met our requirement nearly so well. It would seem that the course 
of time has been providentially preserved, along with all the impor- 
tant facts of this remarkable Era. The astronomers, however, have 
it in their power to fix this date with absolute precision, for not only 
does it appear that the Greeks took close account of the revolutions of 
the moon, but that there was at this time something definite and sin- 
gular in the starry firmament, so much so as to attract the attention 
of others beside the mathematicians. Please let us have the facts, 
gentlemen. Astronomy is a science of utility, in which our earth is as 
much concerned as any other member of the planetary system. 

*** The appearance of John the Baptist is set down as having 
occurred in the 15th year of the reign of Tiberius, and 779th year of 
Rome. If, agreeably to the custom of the Jews, he delayed his public 
ministry until he was thirty years of age, the date of his birth would 
be the year 4 B. C. But we give him a year earlier, for the reason 
that, being a forerunner, he must have been in the field earlier thau 
his master. The facts in the cases of both of these illustrious char- 
acters were well known to the Roman offic als, and so favorably re- 
ported on, that no general persecution of Christians was attempted 
until the time of Nero. 



AD 



28 PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

FIFTH CYCLE. E. 

Ethical, Educational , Ecclesiastical, Philosophicxil. 
Extending to A. D. 1728. 

PERIOD F. France and Persia. 

Octave of F, 4033 B. C. 

Reformative, Radical and Revolutionary, for 576 yrars^ 

in all directions ^biit settling aroutid France and Persia, 

SECTION A. Egypt, Arabia, Armenia, Austria, 
A new departure for Egypt, a beginning for Anstria, 
Hungary, Bulgaria, &c. Era of the Gnostics, and the 
Schools of Alexandria. Octave of A, 1008 B. C. 

The Christian Era. The flight to Egypt. 

Tiberius Caesar becomes Roman emperor. 

The Romans are driven from beyond the Rhine. Pliny, 
the elder, born. 

Herod Agrippa II., born. Paul appeared before this 
man, A. D. 60. 

The Crucifixion ! An earthquake in Judea. 

Claudius Civilis, the Batavian, counterpart of William, 
the Silent. Caligula is emperor, (a maniac). Mar- 
tyrdom of James, son of Zebedee. 

London, in England, is founded. Ho Shung, of India, 
takes Buddhaism into China. Flavius Josephus, born. 
St. Ignatius, born. Nero is emperor. Tacitus, 
Roman historian. Statins, the poet. 

Gaul is subjugated by the Romans. Vespasian is em- 
peror. Pliny, the younger, born. Martyrdom of 
James, son of Alphaeus, Bishop of Jerusalem. 

Martyrdom of St. Paul, at Rome. The city of Colosse 
is destroyed by an earthquake. 

Epictetus, the Stoic. Appian, Greek historian. 

Jerusalem is taken. Ptolemy, the Geographer. Pompeii 
and Herculanaeum destroyed. Titus is emperor. 

The Alexandrians. Martyrdom of Polycarp. 

Banishment of John, the Apostle and Evangelist. Ire- 
naeus goes to Gaul. Trajan is emperor. 

Quintus Curtius Rufus. Anna Galeria Faustina, (Au- 
gusta). Hadrian is emperor. 

Justin Martyr. Marcus Aurelius Antonius, born. 

Claudius Galenus. Salvius Julianus, born. Ossian, 
the poet. Antonius Pius is emperor. Barcocheba, 
Final dispersion of the Jews. 



o 
12 

24 

27 

29 
36 

48 



60 



67 

68 

72 

84 
96 

108 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



2^ 



144 
156 
168 



180 

192 

204 
216 

228 



240 
252 
264 
276 



288 



300 
312 

324 



SECTION B. Ecclesiastical. The Jezvs, 
Octave of B, 864 B. C. 



Italy^ Spain and Portugal, in the distance. 

Metals, Minerals, and Mechanic Arts, in the ascendant. 

France and Persia. Ammonius Saccas. Pius I. 

Athenagorus. Tertullian. Clement, of Alexandria. 

Origen, of Alexandria. Julius Africanus. Donatus. 
Hippolytus, of Portia. Dionysius, of Corinth. Eleu- 
therius, of Rome. 

St. Alexander, of Jerusalem. Stephen, of Rome, St. 
Florian, of Germany. An earthquake in Smyrna. 

Septimus Severus. Roman embassy sent to China. A 
new emperor every year or two. 

Cyprian. Dionysius, of Alexandi-ia. Paul, of Samosota. 

Eusebius of Laodicea. Plotinus, of Alex'a. St. George 
and his dragon. Secession rampant in China. 

Judah Hakkodosh, author of the Mtshna. St. Denis, of 
France. Barbegan Ardester, (Ar/axerxes.) of Persia, 
founder of the Sassanidae dynasty. Manes, {Mani- 
chaeus,) of Persia. Sabellius. 

CoNSTANTius, {ChloTus). St. Anthony, the great. 
Philip, the Arabian. 

St. Gregory, of Armenia. Arius, of Alexandria. Euse- 
bius, PamphiHus. Hillel, the younger. 

Joseph ben-Chija, of Babylon. Zenobia, of Palmyra. 
Donatus, of Casae Nigra. Sylvester, of Rome. 

CONSTANTINE, the great, born. Aurelian. St. Nicholas, 
of Myra. Eusebius, of Caeserea. Jamblichus. Dio- 
cletian is emperor. 

SECTION C. The Ccesars. 

Commerce, Manufactures, Colonization, Law. Begin- 

rung of the end of the Roman Empire 

Octave of C, 720 B. C. 

St. Athanasius, of Alexandria, Persecution of Christians 
at its climax. China again united under the Tsin dyn- 
asty. St. Pachomius, of Upper Egypt. 
Donatus, of Carthage, Constantine is emperor. 
The Visigoths settle in France and Spain, Constan- 
tine II., born. St. Cyril, of Jerusalem, born. 
Council of Nice. Flavius Julius Constans, born. 
Era of the Byzantine empire. Julian, born. Jovinian, 
a Luther, 1000 years before the Reformation, St. 
Jerome, of Bethlehem. 



3© PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

348 St. Ambrose, of Milan. John Chrysostum. St. Au- 
gustine, of Hippo. Theodosius, the great, born. 

360 Julian is emperor. ALARic,born. The empire divided 
east and west. 

372 St. Cyril, of Alexandria. St. Patrick, born, (in Scot- 
land). Nestorius, of Syria. Eutyches, the Mono- 
physite. The Tartars found an independent kingdom 
in Northern China. Theodosius I., Eastern emperor. 

384 Honorius, born. Second General Council. Dioscorus, 
of Alexandria. Hilarius, of Aries. 
Honorius is emperor. Leo, the Pope, born. Rise of 
the Papacy. Yezdejird I., of Persia. Pharamond, 
first king of France. 

408 Rome is taken by Alaric. Invasion of Britain. Fer- 
gus n., of Scotland. Autaulphus, Visigoth king of 
Spain. Attalus, Leo, (emperor), born. 

420 Pelagius. Theoderick I. Geneseric, the Vandal. Clo- 
dion, of France. Beginning of the shaking up of 
Europe by the Gothp, Vandals end Huns. 

SECTION D. Deo Volante. China. 
Octave of D, 576, B. C. 
Poland, Denmark, Norway and Sweden, in perdu. 
Mem. — China is in a state of Civil War from this date until A. D. 590. 

432 Council of Alexandria. St. Patrick is doing well in Ire- 
land. St. Sidonius Appollinaris. Leo is Pope. 

444 Attilla, the Scourge. Merovee. Angles and Saxons. 

456 Justin I,, born. Leo I. is Eastern emperor. Gothic 
monarchy in Spain. Theoderick, of Italy, born. 
Great confusion in the Western empire. A new man 
every year. Defeat of Attila at Chalons. 

468 Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy initiated — Kent — Sussex, Boe- 
thius. Fulgentius. Cassiodorus. Damascius, &c. 

480 Fall of the Western empire. Odoacer. Ck/vis. Chos- 
roes I., of Persia, born. Justinian, the great, born. 
Alaric, Gothic King of Spain. St. Benedict, of 
Nursia. 

492 Anastasius I. is Eastern emperor. Gelasius is Pope. 
Dionysius, the Little. (Not so little). Belisarius. 

504 Jacobus Baradaeus, founder of the Copts. Justin 1 1 . bom. 
Childebert, born. St. Germanus, of Paris. The Vi- 
sigoths are squelched in France and Germany. 

516 AUGUSTIN, Apostle of England, and first Archbishop of 
Canterbury. Monasticism fully established. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



31 



528 

540 

564 
570 



Justinian I. is Eastern emperor. Brunnehaut is Queen 
of Austrasia. ^ Chosroes I. of Persia. The Saracens 
get a footing in Snain. 

Gregory, the great, born. Abdallah ben-Abd-el-Motta- 
lib, father of Mohammed, born. St. Gregory, of 
Tours. St. Columbanus, of Ireland. St. Gall, of 
Switzerland. St. David, of Wales. 

The Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy — Ethelbert, of Kent. Clo- 
taire I. Justin II. Fifth General Council. The 
Neo-Platonists closed out. Jacob Zanzalus, 

Abbas ben-Abd-el-Mottalib, born. The Lombards gain 
in Italy. Lingonus, of Ravenna. Conquest of the 
Burgundians. Conquest of Suevi. The Persians 
gain a great victory over Justinian at this date. 

Mohammed, born. 

*** It would be easy to introduce an Essay upon the subject 
matter of the preceding Period F. But as this would be incompatible 
with the present design, it must suffice to call attention to one or two 
points which may aid in unravelling the thread of history. First, the 
eruption of Goths, Vandals, Huns, &c., was net an unmitigated bar- 
barism. On the contrary, its tendency was to the civilization of Eu- 
rope. It was one of a series of colonizations, which had observed reg- 
ular intervals Secondly, Mohammed was not a mere eccentricity, 
but a revival of Judahism upon its chosen ground, and exactly at the 
right epoch for such a revival. Thirdly, it was necessary that Chris- 
tianity should entrench itself in ecclesiasticism, but there was not a 
necessary antagonism between the rival systems, and would never 
have been had it not been for political reasons. Both were degenerate 
forms of the same vital principle. Lastly, it will be necessary to trace 
the development of the spirit of Christianity through very obscure 
sources, conspicuously through members of the female sex. Some pro* 
fessor of ecclesiastical history could render good service in this direc 
tion. For this reason, we make much of the " Saints," whoever they 
may be. But those who have been the true prophets and martyrs are 
not a casual product. In the full edition of this work we hope to be 
able to place most of them. This Period F, is complete in itself, and 
finds its parallel as far back as 4032 B. C-, at the beginning of Sacred 
history. But the parts or Sections findjtheir octaves after xoo8 B. C, 
and after 1008 A. D. 



32 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



PERIOD G. Greece and Germany. 
Extending to A. D. 1 152 — Octave of 3456, B. C. 

Mem. This Period involves the re-organisation of Europe, with 
its pivot on Germany. It sees the birth of Mohammed, and the end 
of his immediate successors ; and the bi ginning of the conflict be- 
tween the Christian and the Turk. The germinal characier of G, 
should be taken into account in tlie study (f this Period, and also the 
fact that G was originally Ethiopic The relati. n with Africa, 
al.vays a matter < f interest, is made more so by the exploralions of 
this Period, which were further advanced than those of a more recent 
date 

SECTION E. England, in the distance. 

Ethical and Educational . Music and Art in Embryo. 

Octave of E, 432 B. C. 

Mem — The Saracens establish schools in Europe in the course of 
this Section. Augustin is Archbishop of Canterbury. Omar l.,born. 

576 Crida founds the Seventh of ■'\nglo-Saxon Heptarchy. 
Tiberius III. P^asteria emperor, Recared I., of Spain. 

588 Gregory I. is Pope. St. Didier, of Vieni a. Reunion 
of Northern and Southern China. 

600 Agilulf, of Italy. St. Ildefonso, of Spain. Lawrence, 
of Canterbury. St. Oswald, of Northumbria. St. 
Hilda, of Whitney, Eng. Chosroes III. of Persia. 

612 Heraclius, Eastern emperor. Abdallah ben-Zobair. 

622 The Hegira. Mohammedan Era. 

624 Arnulf, of Landen, Austrasia, ancestor of Charlemagne. 
Date of the Tang (Chinese) dynasty — continues till 
A. D. 907. The Waldenses are first noticed at this 
date, Dagobert is king of the Franks, St. Ghis- 
lain, of Belgian Gaul, St. Gertrude, of France. St. 
Cuthbert, of England. St, Wilfrid, of York, England. 
Death of Mohammed. Omar I., Caliph. 

636 Gegnasius, the Paulician. Clovis II. of France, Alex- 
andria is taken by the Saracens, Jesuiabus, the 
Nestorian, Dagobert II,, of France, 

648 Othman, third of the " holy " Caliphs ; the first to invent 
the Koran. Conquest of Persia. Pepin D'Heris- 
TAL, born. 

660 Weakness of Eastern emperors. Invasion, St. Wille- 
brord, of England, founds the Bishopric of Utrecht. 
Egbert, the missionary. Bede, the venerable. Dk- 
niel, of Winchester Germanus, of Constantinop. 
Justinian II., born. Constantine III. Eastern emp. 

672 Moawiyah, of Damascus, founds the dynasty of the Om- 
miyades — continues to A. D. 750, Wamba, of Spain. 
St. Genevieve, of Brabant. Sixth General Council. 
Charles Martel, born. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



33 



684 
696 
708 



720 

732 

742 
744 

756 
768 
780 
792 

804 

816 
828 



Pepin D'Heristal, mayor of Palace. Erviage and Egi- 
ca, of Spain. Cunipert, King of the Lombards. 

Clovis III. Al Mansour, born. The Saracens. Soly- 
man, 7th of the Ommiyades. 

Justinian II., Eastern emperor. Tai Tsung, (the Char- 
lemagne of China), is emperor at this date. The Sa- 
racens found the dynasty ot the Spanish Ommiyades. 
Charles M artel usurps the throne of the Franks. 
Leo III., {Isaur), Eastern emperor. 

SECTION F. France. Belgium, Switzerlajtd, &'c^ 
Reformative and Revolutionary . 

Flaccius Alcuin, bom. Asha ben-Hakem. Barraek, 
of the Barmecides Khorassan. Abderrahmann, the 
Wise. Haroun-al-Raschid, born. 

An interregnum in France until 743. Battle of Poiters. 
The Saracens driven from France by Charles Martel. 

Charlemagne, born. 

End of the Moslem Ommiyades in Asia. Abdul Abbas 
(the bloody), establishes himself at Bagdad. PepIn. 

Abderrahmann I., of Cordova. Al Mansour. The 
Pope a temporal prince after this date. Otho, of 
Basle, St. Benedict, of Agnana. 

Charlemagne succeeds Pepin. Adrian is Pope, End 
of the Lombard Kingdom. Egbert, of Wessex, 
born. Leo IV. is Eastern emperor. 

Haroun-al-Raschid, {Aaron the Just), Abbas Ca- 
liph. Louis, the Debonnaire, born. Lothaire, bom. 
Pepin, son of Charlemagne, king of Italy. 

Nicholas I., (the great), born. Leo III. is Pope. St. 
Ansgar, apostle of the North. Al Hakem, of Cor- 
dova. St. Ignatius, of Constantinople. Charles VI., 
of Sweden. Charlemagne crowned emperor. 

End of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. Egbert. Abu 
Teman, Arabian poet. Ibn- Isaac Honain, Arabian 
philosopher. Hinckmar, of Rheims. Wulfred, of 
Canterbury. Louis II., born. Al Mamoun. John 
Scotus Erigena, Irish philosopher. 

Louis succeeds Charlemagne. Baldwin I., of Flanders. 
Lothaire becomes king in Italy. Carloman, born. 
Louis III., born. 

Count Thasilo, of Prussia; ancestor of the Hohenzol- 
lerns. Abderrahmann II. Eugenius II. is Pope. 
Charles iiI,, of Germany is born. Leo, the philo- 
sopher, born. Louis, the German. Ethelwulf. king 
of the Anglo-Saxous. 



34 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



E 
F 



840 The empire of Charlemagne is divided. Lothaire I, is 
king in Germany; Charles, the Bald, in France. 
Abdallah, of Persia, revives the Magians. Adhemar, 
(A/mar), nephew of Charles Martel — earliest of the 
ducal Bourbons. Baldwin II,, of Flanders. Alfred, 
the great, of England, born. Ramiro I. of Leon, &c. 

852 Mohammed I., of Cordova. Nicholas I. is Pope. Do- 
nald III., of Scotland. Ethelbald and Ethelbert, of 
England. Louis II,, of Italy. 

SECTION G. Greece mid Germany. 

Octave of G, 144 B. C. 

Germany shakes off France. Russia germinates. 

864 Alfonso III., of Leon and the Asturias. Basle I., 
{Macedo), is Eastern emperor. Methodius invents 
the Sclavonic alphabet. Alfred is king of England. 
Edward I., (the elder), born. Biorno IV., of Swe- 
den. Arpad, of Hungary. 

876 RuRiK, the Northman, occupies Novgorod at this date, 
and founds the dynasty which gave sovereigns to 
Russia until the year 1598. Henry I., (the Fowler'), 
born. End of the empire of Charlemagne. Hossiem 
ben-Mansour. The Nestorians establish missions 
in China. 
Danish invasion of England. The Normans invade 
France. Arnulph is the first German emperor. Be- 
renger I., of Italy. Athelstan, of England, born. 

900 Charles III., of France, which thereafter degenerates 
into a Feudalism. Great strife among the aspirants 
to the Papacy at this time. Louis III., of Germany. 
Hugh, the great, born ; father of the Capets. 

912 Otho, the great, born. Charles, the Simple, assigns the 
the territory of Holland to Count Dirk. Continues 
thus separated for 400 years. Abderrahmann III. 
of Cordova. Henry 1., of Germany. 

924 Pope Sylvester II., born. Bruno, the great, of Cologne. 
St. Dunstan, of Canterbury. St. Adelaide, of Italy. 
Athelstan is king of England — great friend of com- 
merce. Ramiro II., of Leon, &c. 

936 Otho I., of Germany. Harold II., of Denmark. Wal- 
ram I., of Nassau. Hugh Capet, born. Edmund I. 
is King of England. Constantine III., of Scotland 

948 Four sets of Caliphs in full blast, that of Spain being bril- 
liant, and shedding its lustre over Europe. Berenger 
II. and Adalbert close out the Carlovingian stock in 
Italy, which, after 961, goes with Germany, Anasta- 
sius. Apostle of Hungary. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



35 



960 



972 



984 



996 



1008 



1020 



Tai-tsu founds the Sung (Chinese) dynasty. Boleslaus, 
of Poland, born. Wladimir, the great, of Russia, bom, 
Henry II,, of Germany, born. Gerson ben-Judah, 
(light of the exiled). Al Hakem, of Cordova. 

Ramiro III., of Leon, &c. Edward II., of England. 
Avicenna Bokhard, Arabian philosopher. Itzchaki, 
Jewish philosopher. Otho III. Abad I., first Moor- 
ish king of Seveille, 

Hugh Capet founds his own dynasty. Sweyn I., of Den- 
mark. Great confusion among the Popes at this time. 
John XVI. sticks. Olaf I, of Norway. Charles, 
the fat. Otho III. 

The Norsemen colonize Greenland. Hamza, of the 
Druses. Guido de Arezzo, the musician, invents the 
gamut. Alberto Azzo, (2) prince of Este, Italy, an- 
cestor of the royal houses of Brunswick and Hanover. 
Rise of the Ottoman empire ; that is the Turk, or 
Scythian, very different from the Arabian or Saracen. 
Sylvester II. is Pope. Berenger, of Tours. Ferdi- 
nand, the great, bom. Bolesla,us is king of Poland. 
Henry II., of Germany. Robert II., of France. 
Andrew I., of Hungary. 

*:** After this date, it is necessary to the perfection of this Sys- 
tem, that each nation should be treated separately — a process far too 
extended for the limits of this Syncpsis. The student may, however, 
practice in this direction, giving less prominence to the crowned heads 
and great generals, and more to even obscure individuals, who have 
made their niark in some useful pursuit. 

SECTION A. Austria, Arabia, Egypt and Armenia. 

Octave of A, o, A. D. 

Agriculture, Arehitccture, and Astronomy, ^'c. 

A new departure for Europe and Asia ; a panic in Europe 

at this date, in consequence of a general belief that 

the world was about to come to an end. 

Wladimir, the great, of Russia. Malcolm II,, of Scot- 
land, Edward, the confessor, born. Lanfranc, of 
Canterbury. Hildebrand, born. St, Olaf, of Norway. 
Adam, of Bremen, Abdallah, of Morocco. Abad II. 
of Seveille. Canute, the great, is king of England 
aud Denmark. 

Solomon ben -Gabriel. Joseph ben-David Chajug. Ban- 
quo, born ; ancestor of the Stuarts. William, the 
Conqueror, born. Henry IV., of Germany, born. 
Alfonso, the valiant, born. The Caliphs of Cordova 
closed out. Pope John XIX. came near selling out 
to the Greek Church. 



3« 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



D 



1032 Togrel Beg, sultan of the Seljukian Turks. Henry I. is 
king of France. Robert Capet founds the dukedom 
of Burgundy. Yusuf Ibn-Tashfyn, founds the empire 
of Morocco. Philp I., of France, born. Macbeth, 
Henry III. is German emperor. Edward III., Eng. 

1044 Cassimir I., of Poland. Jaroslas, of Russia, The Nor- 
mans drive the Saracens from Sicily. Sweyn 11., of 
Denmark. Magnus, of Norway. St. Bruno, of the 
Carthusians. Gerard, of the order of St. John. Era 
of the Nominalists and Realists. Robert, of Arbris- 
sel, the reformer. Henry IV. is German emperor. 

1056 Hildebert, of Tours. Godfrey, of Bouillon. Al Ghaz- 
zali. William II., of England, born. "William, of 
Champeaiftc. Theophylact. Medical school at Sa- 
lernum, founded. William, the conqueror, seizes the 
English throne. 

1068 Philip I. is king of France. The Turks take Jerusalem 
and Bagdad. Peter de Bruys. Henry I., of England, 
born. Louis VI., of France, born. Gregory VII. 
is Pope. Alfonso I., of Castile and Leon. Pierre 
Abelard, born. Gilbert de la Porree. Hugo, of 
St. Victor. Gratianus, of Italy. 

1080 Henry V., of Germany, born. Alexis I., Eastern emp. 
Canute IV., of Denmark. William Rufus, of Eng- 
land. Battle of Zalacca. Petrus Lombardus. Aben- 
Ezra. Henry, the hermit. St. Bernard, of Clair- 
vaux. St. Malachy. Geroch, of Bavaria. Coun- 
cil of Clermont. 

1092 Pedro I., of Aragon and Navarre. Heloise, abbess of 
the Paraclete. Matilda, of Tuscany. Arnold, of 
Brescia. Jerusalem is taken by the Crusaders. Great 
excitement in Europe at this date. A new start. 

1 104 Alfonso I., of Aragon. Henry V., of Germany. Louis 
VI., of France. Alexander I., of Scotland. Jehu- 
dah ben-Samuel. Celestine III., born. Ralph, arch- 
bishop of Canterbury. John, of Salisbury. Thomas 
Beckett. Alfonso I., of Portugal, born. 
116 John II., Eastern emperor. Waldeman, of Denmark, 
born. Frederick, (Barbarossa), born. Ferdinand II., 
of Leon. Henry, (the lion), of Saxony, born. Da- 
vid I., of Scotland. Eleanor, of Aquitane. Ranulf 
de Glanvil. 

1 1 28 Dissensions in Norway. Swerken rebellion in Sweden. 
Little Russia, White Russia, inchoate. Joachim, of 
Floris. Peter, of Blois. St. Fehx, of Valois. The 
Pomeranians are converted. Berthold, of Livonia. 
Moses Maimonides— a second Moses. Cassimir. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



37 



1 128 the just, bom. Conrad III., of Germany. Stephen, 

king of England. Alphonso VIII., of Spain. Henry 
II., of England, born. Richard. Cceur de Lion, born. 
Henry VII., of Germany, born. Yusef, of the Almo- 
hades, and Saladin, born. Recovery of the famous 
Pandect of Justinian. Eric III., of Denmark. 

1140 The university of Oxford is founded. Louis VII., of 
IVance. Jocelyn, of Salisbury. Fulco, of Neuilly. 
Simon de Montfort. Isaac, the blind. Gervase, of 
Canterbury. Geraldus Cambrensis. Boha-ed-Din of 
Arabia. The Anglo-Norman dynasty is closed out, the 
Plantagenets taking its place on the English throne. 

PERIOD A. Architectural and AstniioviiQal. 

Octave of A. 2S80 B. C. 

Egypt, Austria, Africa, America and Australia. 

*** By the present Scheme, this Period has its parallel as far 
back as 28S0 B. C. But it also rcint oduces the earlier sections of the 
Christian era. The effort to restore theChrisiian shrine at Jerusalem 
is, of course, a failure. This contrasts, however, with the previous 
effort to destroy it, and the one is the octave of the other. The move- 
ment among the Jews is a striking one, fur not only is there a revival 
of ancient Judaism, with no less a man than Moses Maimonides, at its 
head, but they are in turn called to suffer, in like manner as thoy 
made their Christian brethren suffer, a thousand years earlier. They 
are, at the close of this Peiiod, brought an important step nearer to 
Christianity by Moses Mendelssohn, with the added labors of Spinoza 
and others. It is necessary to study tht:ir position during this Period 
in order to ur.dersiand how it is to-day that the Jews rule the world 
financially; and how political affairs in Europe are ruled by them, io 
the persons of Beaconstield, Gambetta, Castelar, and others. 

The Protestant Reformation is, of course, the great event. But 
Luther merely proposed to return to the simple forms of a thousand 
years previously. The invention of printing left him far in the rear. 
Religious freedom was soon translated into the political, and the liberty 
of thought brought forth freedom of action. By the present Scheme, 
however, we have little to do with polemics. The progress of civiliza- 
tion has been hindered, rather than advanced by them. The scenes 
of horror enacted during this Period are only equalled by the depth 
of depravity existing among the ruling classes. Yet we beg to refer 
to a remarkable statement made at this date bv Amaufy (or A Iniaric), 
a professor in the university of" Paris. He held that there were three 
great epochs in the religious history of the world: the Mosaic law 
marked the epoch of God, the Father. The gospel period was the 
epoch of God, the Son. The epoch of God, the Holy Spirit, was 
then about to begin. This statement, which was made nearly three 
centuiies before there was a sensible movement among the reformers, 
had many adherents in his day. There existed, in fact, some enthu- 
siasm upon the subject among the class known as heretics and schis- 
matics, indicating plainly enough that the work rf reform had already 
begun, and that it was not to be stopped by any of the Satanic devices 
which were afterward called into requisition for that purpose. Amer- 
ican colonisation, therefore, so far as it had significance at all, would 
mean a release fn.m the damnable ecclesiastical oppression and the 
establishment of society upon a natural foundation. 



58 PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

SECTION B. Italy, Spain and Portugal. The Jcivs. 

Octave of B, 144 A. D. 

A great persecution of the Jews, on account of their 

wealth, during this Section. 

1152 Philip II., of France, born. Frederick I. is German 
emperor. Genghis Khan, born. A great stir among 
the Tartars at this date. Henry II, is king of Eng- 
land. Alexander III. is Pope. Sancho III., of 
Castile and Leon. Amaury, of Chartres. Peter 
Waldus, ofthe Waldenses, 
G II 64 Guelphs and Ghibellines. End of the Fatimite Caliphs 
of Egypt and Northern Africa. John, (Lackland), 
of England, born. Bela III., of Hungary. Otho IV. 
of Germany, born. Alfonso II., of Aragon. Cassi- 
mir, the just, is king of Poland. Saladin, the great, 
is Turkish sultan. Domingo de Guzman, (ofthe Domi- 
nican Friars,) and ofthe Spanish Inquisition, born. 

1 1 76 Christian, first bishop of Prussia. Dampierre of Bour- 
bon, L'Archambault. Philip II., is king of France. 
Francis, of Assisi. Durando de Huesca, of the Vau- 
dois. Alexander, of Hales. Jacob, of Hungary. 
Blotswen, ot Sweden. Sancho I., of Portugal. Bat- 
tle of Tiberias. Defeat of the Crusaders. Saladin 
retakes Jerusalem. 

1188 Blanche, of Castile, born. Pedro II., of Aragon. Inno- 
cent III. is Pope. Richard I., of England, unites 
his forces with Frederick, of Germany, and starts upon 
a second crusade. Dandola, of Italy. St. Clara. 
John ben- Abraham. Great persecution of the Jews 
in Spain at this date. Their writings are hunted out 
and destroyed with them. Ferdinand III,, of Spain, 
born. Universityof Salamanca, founded. Otho IV., 
German Emperor. 
Alexius IV., of Constantinople is dethroned. Baldwin I., 
( Latin line) takes his place. John is king of England. 
Stephen Langton. Richard, Earl of Cornwall, born, 
the richest prince in Christendom, at this time. He 
put in a bid for the throne of Gennany, later. Bloody 
war upon the poor Albigenses. Beginning of the 
war upon and with the Huguenots, Simon de Mont- 
fort, Earl of Leicester, Robert Bruce, born. Wal- 
demar II., of Denmark. 
D 1 212 Roger Bacon, bom. Genghis Khan takes Peking. 
Battle of Navas de Tolosa. Rout ofthe Moors, who 
with the Jews, are made common objects of plunder, 
by the rapacious Spaniards. Louis IX., born. Ru- 
dolph I., of Hapsburgs, born. St. Bona VENTURA. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



39 



1224 



1248 



1260 



126= 



1272 



1284 



Roger Bernard, (2) Count of Foix — the great Roger. 
Guide Cavalcanti, Italian poet. Frederick IL, is Ger- 
man Emperor. Ferdinand in,, of Castile and Leon. 
Era of the EngHsh Magna Charta, Henry III. is 
king of England. Louis VIII., is king of France. 

Alexander II., of Scotland. Alphonso X., (the wise), 
born. Atha Melik, of Persia. Thomas Aquinas. 
Brunetto, of Italy. Frederick, of Germany, secures 
Jerusalem for ten years by diplomacy — first example 
of the kind. John, of Paris. Hermann de Saliza. 
Gaddi, the artist. Gerard de Segarilla. University 
of Cambridge, England, organized. 

Louis IX. is king of France, Benedict XL, born. Civil 
war in Europe at this date. Seveille, in Spain, is 
bombarded with artillery. 

Albert I., of Austria, born. The war upon the Albigenses 
ends in founding the university of Toulouse! A great 
inundation in Friesland, forming what is now the 
Zuyder Zee. John Duns Scotus — the original of the 
Scotch metaphysicians. Marco Polo, born, Matteo, 
the great, of Milan. Adolphus, of Nassau. The 
Paris Sorbonne founded. Osman, born, founder of 
the reigning Turkish dynasty. Era of the Hanscatic 
League. Alfonso III,, of Portugal. Alexander III., 
of Scotland, Kipchak Khan, of Russia. 

Mustasem, Abbas Caliph, is killed — the last of them. 
Henry VII,,of Luxemberg,born. Meister Eckhardt. 
Conrad IV., of Germany. Aifonso X., of Castile. 

Dante Degli Alighieri, Italian poet. 

Mem.— The personal key of Dante is E, as might be expected. 
He comes under A to mark the beginning of modern poetry. 

Dandolo, dodge of Venice. Philip III,, of France. Ibn- 
Caspi. Jacques de Novelis. Jacob ben-Asheri. 
Thomas Bradwardin. Edward II., of England, born. 
Edward I. is king. Rudolph, is German emperor. 
Pedro III., of Aragon. 

Sancho IV., of Castile and Leon. Philip IV,, of France. 
John Bahol, of Scotland. Boniface VIII. is Pope 
A continued succession of English parliaments from 
this date. Era of Portugese commerce and discovery 
Othman {Osman) L, of the Turks. 

*** It will be understood that Venice is in her glory at this date 
having controlled the commerce of the Mediterranean for a long time 
She now turns out Marco Polo as an original discoverer. 



40 PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

SECTION C. The Crescent and the Cross, 
OctaveofC, 288 A. D. 
"The Sea! The Sea! The Open Sea!" 
1296 Continued confusion in Poland, Russia, Denmark, Nor- 
way and Sweden. A Mogul dynasty in China. Boni- 
face VIII. gots his head punched by a French lawyer. 
Beginning of legal rascality ! A fuss among the aspi- 
rants to the Papacy, resulting in a schism between 
France and Italy. Clement V. first of the French 
Popes. Jacob Van Artevelde, of Ghent. St, Bridget, 
of Sweden. Petrarch, the poet. Richard, of Armagh. 
Cassimir, the great, born. Louis Robert, first duke 
de Bourbon, Johanna Tauler. Andronicus II., 
born. Peking, China, is erected into a Roman arch- 
bishopric. Great slaughter of the Jews in Bavaria, 
1308 Edward II, is king of England, The Spaniards used ar- 
tillery before Gibraltar at this date, Robert Bruce is 
king of Scotland, Henry VII., German emperor. 
Alfonso XI., of Castile, Robert, of Naples. Allah- 
ud-Din, of India. Sir John Chandos. Ralph Hig- 
den. Walter Reynolds. Battle of Bannockburn. 
Golden age of Italian literature. 
Louis X, John I., Philip V., Charles IV., successively 
kings of France, (1314-22). Philip VI., of the Valois, 
sticks. Edward III., of England. David II., of 
Scotland. Magnus VII., of Norway and Sweden. 
Orkhan, of the Turks. John Wyckliffe, born. 
Chaucer, the poet, born. John, of Rupcscissa. 
Jacques I., count of La Marche. The Scotch are 
recognized as independent. Schwartz appears as the 
inventor of gunpowder at this date. But it had evi- 
dently been an open secret long before his day. 
1332 Cassimir HI. closes out the Piasts in Poland, Tamer- 
lane, the Tartar, born. Louis ( 2 ) de Bourbon 
L'Archambault,born. Blanche of Bourbon. Charles 
v., of France, born, Pietro Farnese, of Italy. Philip 
Van Artevelde, of Ghent. John of Gaunt, duke of 
Lancaster, born. Matthias VonJanow. Gerard 
Groot, of Holland. Waldemar HI., of Denmark, 
John Paleologus recovers Constantinople, as the seat 
of the Eastern empire. End of the Latins in that 
quarter. 
[344 Charles IV,, German emperor. Succeeded by Gunther. 
Bajazet, of the Turks, born. Giovanni D'Medici, 
born. Margaret, of Denmark, born. Pierre D'Ailly, 
Famine in China. Expulsion of the Tartars. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



41 



[356 



[368 



[380 



[392 



1404 



1416 



Hung-Wu founds the Ming (Chinese) dynasty, which 
shuts the door upon foreigners for the first time. In- 
surrection of the French peasants. University of 
Prague. University of Cracow founded. John ZiSKl. 
Henry IV., of England, born. Henry Percy, {Hot- 
spur), of England. University of Vienna, founded. 
John II. is king of France. Pedro, the cruel, of Cas- 
tile. . Fernando I., of Portugal. 

Amurath I., of the Turks. Charles V. is king of France. 
Albert, of Sweden. Tamerlane, of the Tartars. Sporza 
of Milan. John Huss. Jerome, of Prague. Thomas 
a'Kempis. Van Eyck and Bartolo, painters. Cos- 
ter, of Holland, the first printer. Richard II. is king 
of England, Wenceslas, German emperor. Charles 
VI., king of France. The Medici, of Italy. 

Louis, of Hungary, is king of Poland. Margaret is 
queen of Sweden and Norway. Bajezet I. is Turkish 
sultan. Michael Paleologus, Eastern emperor. Ed- 
mund Plantagenet, duke of York. Parliamentar)' re- 
presentation is restored in Holland. The Lithuanians 
are brought into the Church. Andrew Procopius. 
Isadore, of Moscow. St. Bernardin, of Siena. Ja- 
cob, of Juterbock. 

James I., of Scotland, born. Henry IV.. (a usurper), is 
king of England. Alfonso V., of Aragon, born. 
Montezuma I. , of Mexico. The allied Christian army 
is defeated by the Turks under Bajezet. A fire in his 
rear, under Tamerlane, saves Europe from further in- 
roads, for the present. The English make war on 
France. Art and culture flourish in Italy. 

Charles VII,, of France, born. Joan of Arc. Catharine 
of Valois. Bertrand de Beauveau. Gaston (iv.) 
count of Foix. Rene, (i) . duke of Anjou. Jean, [n] 
of Bourbon. Mohammed I. is Turkish sultan. Sigis- 
mund is German emperor. Juan II., of Spain. Fer- 
nando I., of Aragon. Henry V. is king of England. 
James L, of Scotland. Battle of Agincourt. 
Mem.— As a result of the Battle of Agincourt, Henry V. of Eng 

la-id was proclaimed King of France, and he would have been so in 

fact had it not been for Joan of Arc. 

There are three live Popes in the field, and three German 
emperors. Germany demoralized. Council of Con- 
stance. Crime is at this time discounted by the 
Church for cash ; and St, Peter's, at Rome, was actu- 
ally erected by the sale of indulgences Pope John 
XXII. is deposed. A trifiling "irregularity" of 
18.000.000 florins being against him. University of 



42 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



I 1.16 



142 



1440 



145^ 



1464 



St. Andrews, Scotland, founded, with several others. 
Bentivoglio (2) of Bologne. Henry VI, is king of 
England. Charles VII. of France. Eric III. of 
Sweden. Basil IV. of Russia. Amurath II. of Tur- 
key. Richard Neveille, earl of Warwick. Dissension 
in the Eastern empire. John II. Paleologus. 
Austria comes to the front — Albert II Sicily is united 
to Aragon. Cosmo D'Medici, of Italy. Ladislaus 
III., of Poland. Mohammed II., born. Margaret, 
ofAnjou. Peter Schoffer, the printer. Alex. Hegius. 
Charles, the bold, duke of Burgundy. Bartolommeo 
Columbus, brother of Christopher. Johaim Mueller, 
German mathematician — first to publish an ahiianac. 
Bellini, of Venice. Guttenburg, the printer. 

SECTION D. Deo Volanle. 

Octave of D, 432 A. D. 

Russia^ China, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. 

Discovery of America, Invention of Printing, and the 
Protestant Reformation. 

Italy, Spain and Portugal — Metals and Minerals. 

John Cabot. Christopher Columbus. Miguel Diaz. 
Lorenzo D'Medici. Ludovicco Buanarotti. Donate 
Lazari. Ercole (i) of Este. Henry Stafford, duke 
of Buckingham. Amerigo Vespucci. Ferdinand and 
Isabella, born. There are printed bibles at this date. 
Ominous fact! Savonarola. 

Mohammed II., of the Turks. He closes out the Greek 
empire, which henceforward is Ottoman. Vasco da 
Gama. A great battle between the rival houses of 
York and Lancaster, in England. Henry VI. is de- 
throned. Edward IV. Pope Adrian V., born. 
Maximillian I., born. 

Frederick ( Hi.) Elector of Saxony, born. Barnard 
Knippordolling, of Germany. Pizarro. Erasmus, of 
Rotterdam. Boethius, of Scotland, John Colet, I). 
D., of London. Elias Levita. Wynkin de Worde, 
Belgian printer. Alessandro Farnese, (Paul III.) 
born. Ferdinand II., of Naples, born. Emanuel I., 
of Portugal, born. Machiavelli. Magellan. Gil 
Vicente. Charles VIII., of France, bom. Albrecht 
Durer. Cardinal Wolsey. Pietro (n.) D'Medici. 
An interregnum in Sweden and Denmark until 1483. 
James IV., of Scotland, born. Archibald, earl of Ar- 
gyll. Copernicus. Giovanni D'Medici. Juan Bos- 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



43 



1464 can, Spanish poet. Michael Angelo. Ariosto, of 

Italy. Cuthbert Tunstall, of England, Las Casas. 
Gawin Douglass, Scotch poet. Balboa, Spanish dis- 
coverer. Sebastian Cabot. Giulio D'Medici. Fer- 
dinand and Isabella, of Castile and Aragon. Ludvvig 
Hetzer, German reformer and martyr, 

1476 Pietro Caraffa, (Paul IV.,) born, Anne, of Brittany. 
Georg, count of Hohenlohe-Speckfeld, Jacopa Sa- 
doleto. John Horn. Tiziano Veccellio, {Titian) of 
Venice. Emser. Philip I., of Spain, born, Her- 
mann, of Cologne. Faber, of Vienna. Capito, of 
Freiburg. Castiglione, of Italy. Nicolaus Hauss- 
mann. Johannes Cochlaeus. Razzi. Sir Thomas 
More. Balthazar Hubmeyer, Thomas Audley. Chris- 
tian II., of Denmark, born. Pamfilio da Narvaez. 
Margaret, of Austria. Faustus. Peruzzi, Italian ar- 
chitect, Domingo de Betancos, of Spain. Baber, 
Tartar mogul. CEcolampadius. Lauren. Andrae. 
Heinrich Auerbach, M. D. Leo Judah. Martin 
Luther, born. Carlstadt. Richard III., of England. 
Nikolaus Van Amsdorf. Charles VIII. is king of 
France. Raphael, born. Ulrich Zwingli. William 
Tyndale, Scaliger, Hernando Cortez, Henry VII. 
is king of England, Bugenhagen. Von Eckius. 
Morton ofCanterbury, Frederick, of Saxony, Miles 
Coverdale, Hugh Latimer. GonzolaAnnes Bandarra. 
James IV, is king of Scotland. Archibald, earl of Angus, 
Thomas Cranmer. Henry VIII., of England, born. 
Thomas Cromwell, earl of Essex. Ignatius Loyola. 
Martin Bucer. Jean Caturze. Kaspar Aquila. Al- 
dorfer and Romans, painters. Barbou, the printer. 
Berni and Colonna, poets. Bernard Tasso. Para- 
celsus, the alchemist. Margaret, of Angouleme. Max- 
imillian I. is German emperor. Alvar Nunez. John 
Albert is king of Poland. Jacques Cartier. Correg- 
glo and Riccio, painters, Clement Marot. Gustavus 
I., born. Ferdinand de Soto. Claudo de Lorraine. 
Philip Melancthon. Louis XII. is king of France. 
Columbus lands at San Salvador. The Cape of Good 
Hope is discovered by Diaz. Simonis Menno. 
The Portugese East India Company is organized. 

[500 Charles V.. of Germany, born, Vemiigli, Italian 
reformer. Hoffman, of Suabia, George Brown^ of 
Dublin. George Wishart of Scotland. John Rogers, 
of England. Nicholas Ridley. EUezar, of Cracow. 
Cousin, the French painter. James Van Campen. 
John Dudley. Elizabeth Barton. Julius II. is pope. 



44 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



1500 



. A 



1512 



524 



Patrick Hamilton. Robert Ferrar. Philip, the mag- 
nan"mous. Michael De L'Hopital. Kaspar Cruciger. 
John Knox. Anne Boleyn. Francis Xavier. 
George Buchanan, Andrea Amiti, violin maker. Al- 
varez de Toledo, duke of Alva. Henry VHI. is king 
of England. John Calvin, born. Michael Servetus. 
Basil Ivanowitz, becomes Czar of Muscovy, Mary, 
of Hungary, is regent of the Netherlands. Sigismund 
I. , king of Poland. Sir Nicholas Bacon. John Caius, 
M. D. Bishop Bonner. 
Gerard Mercator. Balboa discovers the Pacific. Charles 
(i) prince of Hohenzollern. St. Theresa, of Spain. 
Philip I,, of Austria, takes the Spanish thrOne. 
Mary, (bloody Mary), of England, born. The Lu- 
theran Church takes its rise at this date. Antoine 
Perrenot, bishop of Arras, Alexander, of Parma. 
Gaspard D'Coligni. Antoine, duke of Vendome. 
Charles V. is German emperor. Catharine D'Medici. 
born. Henry II., of France, born. Francois de Lor- 
raine. Henry, duke of Brunswick- Luneburg. Jean 
Ribault. Marquis Fenelon. Theodore de Beza, 
Viglius Van Aytta. Peter Gabriel. Matthias Flac- 
cius. Pedro Ponce. Sir Philip Sydney. Wil- 
liam Cecil (Lord Burleigh). Adrian VI. is Pope. 
Maurice, of Saxony, born. Margaret, of Parma, born. 
Count of Horn, born. Lamoral, count of Egmont, 
born. Sir Martin Frobisher. Frederick I., is king 
of Denmark. Solyman I., sultan of Turkey. Battle 
of Flodden Field. 

*^* A, 1512. As we are now within the realm of authentic his- 
tory, the student will have an opportunity of testing the quality of the 
present system in the most thorough manner- He may, if he prefers, 
go back 84 years to A, 1428, or, better still, go forward with us by 
2steps of 84 years, this figure being the octave of 12. He will 
not always need to begin with A, although it would be more satisfac- 
tory so to do, since from A to G will show a beginning and an end of 
some kind under all circumstances. From B to B, C to C, D to D, 
E to E, F to F. and G to G are octaves in like manner, each repre- 
senting a phase of history peculiar to itself. 

Ociave ofB, 1440. Laelius Socinius, of Italy. Philip 
II., of Spain, born. Francis Xavier founds a church 
in Japan. Jorgens invents the spinning wheel, Por- 
tugal is in the height of her power at this date. Uni- 
versity of Granada, (Spain), founded. League of 
Smalcald. Juan Pablo Bonet. Herrara, the poet. 
William, of Nassau. Elizabeth, of England. Count 
Brederode, of Holland. Luiz de Camoens, poet. 
Bellay, the French Ovid. Requesens. Fiesco. Ge- 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



45 



1524 



1536 



1548 



1560 



dalja Ibn-Jachja. Ponce de Leon. Tibaldi. John 
Dee, the astrologer. Jacob Andreas. Etienne Jodelle. 
Louis (I.), prince de Conde. Ringwalt, Selnecker, 
and Schalling, hymnists. Paul Veronese, artist. Ber- 
mudez and Zuniga, Spanish poets. 
Octave of C, 1452. John Davis, English navigator, of 
"Davis Strait" fame. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Eng- 
lish navigator. Sir Francis Drake, another of them. 
Lord Howard. Thomas West, Lord Delaware. 
Amurath III,, of Turkey, born. Ambrose Wille, of 
Geneva. Peregrine de la Grange. Lady Jane Grey. 
Edward VI., of England, born. Fabricius, the ana- 
tomist. Aldegonda, of Brussels. Barth. Gosnold. 
Count Louis, of Nassau. Faustus Socinius. Anto- 
nio Pnrez. The order of Jesuits takes its rise from 
this date, (1540). Antoine Arnauld, French lawyer. 
William Barclay, Scottish jurist. Mary Stuart, born. 
Francis IL, born. The original Don Carlos, born — 
son of Philip II. Francis Junius. Thomas Bodley. 
Council of Trent. Don John, of Austria. Pedro 
Diaz. Tycho Brahe. Sigismund 1 1, is king of Poland. 
Henry II. is king of France. Edward VI. of England. 
Octave of D, 1464. Barneveldt, of Holland. Cervantes. 
Veit Bach, founder of the musical family of that name. 
Henry Hudson, inventor of Hudson River. John 
Carver, of Plymouth Colony. Job, of Rustoff, Rus- 
sian patriarch. Charles IX., of Sweden, bom. Ro- 
bert Brown, founder of English Congregationalism. 
Sir Walter Raleigh. Treaty of Passau. Sir Edward 
Coke. Justus Burgius, inventor of the pendulum 
clock. Mary is queen of England. Henri (i.) de 
Lorraine. Henry IV., of France, bom. Charles V. 
abdicates; succeeded by Philip IL, of Spain, (1555). 
Feodor I., of Russia, born. Matthias, of Germany, 
born. Treaty of Cateau Cambresis. This followed 
the battle of St. Quentin, in which Count Egmont was 
conspicuous, and it is remarkable for the fact that by 
it France lost a third of her kingdom, and by an acci- 
dent, Henry II. his life, while Philip II. was so de- 
sirous of peace as to be almost ready to sell out him- 
self. Diplomatic strategy of William, of Nassau. 
Octave of E, 1476. James Arminius, of Leyden. Bois, 
the translator. Elizabeth is queen of England. 
Francis Bacon, born. William Shakespeare. 
Galileo. Kepler. Samuel D. Champlain, founder 
of Quebec. William Brewster, of Plymouth Colony. 
Pierre Fourier, of France. James I., of England, born. 



46 PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



[560 Campanella, of Italy. John Billington, of the May- 

flower. The French settle South Carolina and Flo- 
rida. Johannes Bach, the musician. Guy Fawkes. 
The peace of St. Germain. Selim II., of Turkey. 
Maximilian II.,of (jiermany. 

1572 Octaveof F, 1488. Massacre of St. Bartholomew. Brille 
is captured. Henry III. is king of France. Gregory 
XIII. is Pope. William Laud. John Robinson, of 
Plymouth Colony. Vincent de Paul. Fletcher, the 
poet. Solomon de Cans, a French engineer, who ;s 
said to have invented the steam engine. Paul Rubens, 
the painter. Philip II. invades Ireland. Ferdinand 
II., of Germany, born. WiUiam Harvey, M. D., of 
England. The United Provinces are organized. John 
Smith, of Virginia. Louis de Lorraine. George Cal- 
vert, first lord Baltimore. Robert Cushman, of Ply- 
mouth Colony. Sir Ferdinando Gorges JohnHaynes. 
Declaration of Independence of the United Provinces, 
(1580). Philip II. gets Portugal. William Juxon, 
of Canterbury. Richlieu, of Lyons. Leonard Calvert, 
of Maryland. Count Wallenstein, Grotius, of Hol- 
land. Simon Episcopius. 

SECTION E. England and India. 

Octave of E, 576 A. D. 

Golden Age of English Literature. 

1 584 Octave of G, 1 500. Assassination of the Prince of Orange. 
Sir Walter Raleigh sends a colony to North Carolina. 
Myles Stanish, born. John Bradshaw, English jurist. 
William Baffin. Henry Dunster, of Harvard College. 
Akbar, the great, of India. Philip Massinger. Car- 
dinal Richlieu. Cornelius Jansenius. Francis Beau- 
mont. James VI. is king of Scotland. Defeat of the 
Spanish Armada. John Winthrop. William Brad- 
ford. Isaac Allerton. George Fenwick. Spagno- 
letto, of Spain. John Endicott. Joseph Rogers. 
Anne Hutchinson. Pierre Gassendi. Comenius, 
of Moravia. Bessaraba II. Charles Chauncy, of Har- 
vard. George Villiers, duke of Buckingham. George 
Herbert. Izaak Walton, the angler. Philippe Colot, 
M. D. Henry IV. is king of France. Gustavus 
Adolphus. born. Mohammed III. Turkish sultan. 
Edward Winslow. Pocahontas. 

1596 Octaveof A, 15 12. Rene Descartes. Henri Arnauld. 
Richard Mather. John Bolandus. Elizabeth Stuart, 
queen of Bohemia. M. Opitz. Martin Von Tromp, 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



47 



1596 



1608 



1620 



the Dutch admiral. Henry IV. issues the famous 
Edict of Nantes. Boris Godunoff makes himself 
czar of Muscovy. Philip III. is king of Spain. Ca- 
valieri, inventor of the infinitessimal calculus. Ric- 
cioli, the astronomer. Bernini, the sculptor. Oliver 
Cromwell, born. Roger Williams. Christian, 
duke of Brunswick-Luneburg. The British East In- 
dia Company is organized. Calderon de la Barca. 
Charles I. of England, born. Edward Hopkins. 
Louis XIII. of France, born. Anne, of Austria. The 
Dutch East India Company is chartered. Cardinal 
Mazarin. Sir Robert Carr. Petrus Stuyvesant. 
Maria de Agreda. James VI. of Scotland, becomes 
James I. of England. John Livingstone. Simon 
Bradstreet. Jacob Johann Balde. The French colo- 
nize Canada. The Dutch get a start in China. Ah- 
med T. Sultan of Turkey. John Eliot, apostle of the 
American Indians. Johann Bach. Glauber, the che- 
mist. Selim is Mogul emperor. Giles Hopkins of Ply- 
mouth Colony. Sir Thomas Browne. John Norton, 
of Massachusetts. John \Vinthrop, (2). Corneille. 
Paul Gerhardt, Admiral De Ruyter, of Holland. 
Paul Rembrandt. The city of Quebec is founded. 

Octave of B, 1524. Ferdinand IH., of Ger- 
many, John Milton, born. Sir Robert Murray. 
George Monk, duke of Albermarle. BorelH, Tor- 
ricelH, and Bartoli, of Italy. Jamestown, Virginia, is 
settled. John II., Cassimir, of Poland, born. Sir 
Matthew Hale. John Clarke, of Rhode Island. Paul 
Fleming. Henry IV., of France, is assassinated. 
Donald Cargill. The Thirty Years' War begins. 
Council of Dort. Gustavus Adolphus becomes king 
of "Sweden. Robert Alleine. Stephen Day, first prin- 
ter in New England. Baron Fairfax. Sir Henry Vane. 
Antoine of Port Royal. Samuel Butler, {Htidibras) . 
Jeremy Taylor. Count Wrangel, of Sweden. St. Ev- 
remond. New York city founded. Frederick Wil- 
iam, the great elector, born. Richard Baxter. Eze- 
kiel Cheever, William Wentworth. Philip III. is 
king of Spain. Michael Romanoff founds the present 
reigning dynasty of Russia. Esteban Murillo, of 
Spain. Jean Baptiste Colbert. Jean Claude. 

Octave of C, 1 536. Landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, 
Mass. Negro slaves are brought to Europe and Amer- 
ica for the first time this year. Samuel Annesley, D. 
D. Massaniello. Philip IV., king of Spain. Louis 
(II.) de Bourbon, prince de Conde. Sir William Penn. 



48 PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

I 
C 1620 Algernon Sydney. Moliere. Francis (X.) Laval' 

Montmorency. Charles X., of Sweden, born. Picard 
Thomas Willis, M. D. William Gascoygne. Azout 
Captain John Mason obtains a grant of part of New 
Hamp. George Fox, the Quaker. Thomas Sydeii' 
ham, M. D. Charles I., king of England. Cassini 
Christina, of Sweden, born. Robert Boyle. A col 
ony of Swedes and Finns land at Capo Henlopen 
John Flavel. Miguel de Molinos, of Saragossa 
Bishop Bossuet. Joseph Athias, of Amsterdam. Gov 
Endicott lands at Salem, Mass. John Bunyan 
Nehemiah Grew, M. D. Malpighi. John III. So 
BIESKI, born. Cornells Von Tromp. Huyghens. John 
Tillotson. Archibald^ 9th earl of Argyll. Leonard 
Hoar. Gambia, in Africa, is colonized by England. 
Dryden. Christina, queen of Sweden. 
D 1632 Octave of D, 1548. John Locke. Spinoza. Pufendorff. 
Sir Christopher Wren. Henry Compton. Lord 
Baltimore setdes Maryland. James H., born, Joseph 
Alleine. Marquis de Vauban. Richard Cameron. 
Roger Williams settles Rhode Island. The French 
Academy is founded. Marchioness de Maintenon. 
Louis XIV., born, and (1643) is proclaimed king of 
France. Ferdinand III., emperor of Germany. Jac- 
ques Marquette. Malebranche. Chaulieu. Ra- 
cine. Louis Hennepin. Gonzales, of Salamanca. In- 
crease Mather. Robert Calef. Frederick William 
succeeds his father in Prussia. Portugal throws off 
Spain. John IV., duke of Braganza. Ibrahim, Turk- 
ish sultan. Leopold I., of Germany, born. A mas- 
sacre of Protestants in Ireland. Henry Arnaud, of 
Piedmont. Sir Isaac Newton, born. 

1644 Octave of E, 1560. Gilbert Burnett, D. D, Thomas 
CJuy. Lord Graham, of Claverhouse. John Dalrym- 
ple. La Salle. Christoph Bach. Battle of Marston 
Moor. John Sharp, archbishop of York, Louis Jol- 
liet. Bayle. Johann Ambrosius Bach. Flamsteed. 
Leibnitz. Joseph Dudley, of Mass. Bogardus, of 
New York. Peace of Westphalia. Frederick HI., 
king of Denmark. John II. , king of Poland. Ma- 
dame Guyon. Robert Barclay. Oliver Cromwell, 
lord protector, James Scott, duke of Monmouth, 
born. Mohammed IV. is sultan of Turkey. A post 
office started in Prussia. William III., of England 
and Holland, born. John Churchill, duke of Marl- 
borough, born. St. Helena is ceded to England by 
the Dutch. Fenelon, archbishop of Cambria. Ca- 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



49 



dillac, founder of Detroit. Jasper Swedborg, father 
of Swedenborg. Charles X. is king of Sweden. Hal- 
ley, the astronomer. William Rittinghuysen, of Hol- 
land. Thomas Brattle, of Boston. 
Octave of F, 1572. Alphonso V., king 
of Portugal. Frederick I., of Prussia, born. Leo- 
pold I. is German emperor. Jean Le Clerc. Abbe- 
de St. Pierre. The English monarchy is restored, 
under Charles II. George I., of England, bora. 
William Paterson, founder of the Bank of England- 
Charles II., of Spain, born. Pierre Le Moyne.. 
Duches de Fontanges. Louis Armand de Bourbon.. 
Feodor II., of Russia, born. Richard Bentley, D. D.. 
Mary, queen of England, born. An earthquake in: 
Canada,''reduces to a plain a train of sandstone moun- 
tains 300 miles long ! Attest, Prof. Williams, of Cam- 
bridge, Mass. Cotton Mather. A host of contro- 
versial writers. Jean Baptiste Massillon. Francke, 
of Halle. Anne, queen of England, born. Francois 
Louis de Bourbon. Great plague in London, follow- 
ed by a great fire. Nikita Demidoff, of Russia. 
Charles II., king of Spain. Victor Amadeus, (11.) 
duke of Savoy, born. Clement IX. is Pope. Eliza- 
beth Goose, born, (^Mother Goose). Jonathan Swift. 
William Whiston. Canstein, of Halle. 
Octave ot G, 1584. Samuel Wesley, sen., born. Fabri- 
cius, of Hamburg. Boerhaave, of Leyden. _ Thomas 
Coram. Roland, of the Camisards. William, of 
Orange, is king of Holland. Timothy Edwards. 
Augustus Frederick, of Saxony. Johann A. Freling- 
hausen. Le Blond, of Antwerp, inventor of printing 
in colors. Simon Eraser Lovat. John Law, of Lau- 
riston. Louis XIV. invades Holland. Peter, the 
great, born. Alexander D. Menshikoff. Feodor 
Apraxin, Russian admiral. Edmund Hoyle, the card 
player. Hadley, the astronomer. Addison. Thomas 
Pinckney, John Dalrymple, earl of Stair, the first to 
plant turnips and cabbages in the open fields. Earl 
Stanhope. Konrad Dippel. DometriusCantemer, of 
Moldavia. John Sobieski is king of Poland. Isaac 
Watts, D. D. John Hutchinson, the philosopher. 
Potter, archbishop of Canterbury. Paul Dudley, of 
Massachusetts. Duke de Saint Simon. Sir Robert 
Walpole. Ephraim Chambers, the cyclopsedist. Eli- 
phalet Adams, of Mass. Viseount Bolingbroke. Jo- 
seph I., of Germany, born. Baron Von Wolf. Thomas 
Parnell, of Dublin. Jean Cavalier. 



50 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



1680 Octave of A, 1596. American and Austrian Sub-Section. 
William Penn founds Pennsylvania. The city of 
Vienna is beleagured by the Turks. Relieved by John 
Sobieski, once for all. So Mr. Mussulman fulfils his 
1000 years of aggression, and, from this date, subsides 
into a defensive attitude. His mission, however, does 
not end until 2272 A. D., a new element springing 
up at this date in the person of Abd-el-Wahab, the 
founder of the Wahabees. The edict of Nantes is re- 
voked by Louis XIV. Ivan and Peter are jointly 
czars of Muscovy ; Peter, however, being the fittest, 
surviving John. Ebenezer Erskine, D. D. Zabdiel 
Boylston, M. D. Vitus Behring, inventor of Behr- 
ing's Strait. Charles XII., of Sweden, born. Philip 
v., of Spain, born. George II., of England, born. 
Timothy Cutler, D. D. Reaumer, Fahrenheit, Saun- 
derson, and others. Bishop Berkeley. Griffith Jones. 
James II. becomes king of Great Britain. Has leave 
to withdraw 1688, when William and Mary appear. 
Charles VI„ of Germany, born. Catharine I,, of Rus- 
sia, born. Handel, the composer. Johann Sebas- 
tian Bach, the greatest of this family. Jonas Astro- 
mer, of Stockholm. Denner, the artist. William 
Kent, landscape gardener. Sir John Barnard. Wil- 
liam Law. Emanuel SwEDENBORG. Alexander 
Pope. Albrecht Bengel. Oglethorpe. Frederick 
William L, of Prussia, bom. Montesquieu. Antoine 
Vernet. Battle of the Boyne. 

1C92 Octave of B, 1608. The Bank of England is founded. 
Joseph Butler, L. L. D. John Henley. Elizabeth 
Farnese, queen of Spain. John Harrison, the me 
chanician. Maria Hubeb. Voltaire. Mosheim. 
John Bampton. John Glass. William Hogarth. 
JohnGill, D. D. Admiral Anson. Charles VII., of 
Germany, born. Charles XII., king of Sweden, Fre- 
derick IV., king of Denmark. Thomas Longman, the 
publisher. Richard Dana, of Massachusetts. Cle- 
ment XI. is Pope. Philip V. is king of Spain, Count 
Zinzendorff. Charles Pinckney, of South Carolina. 
Samuel Finley, D. D. Peter Faneuil. Bernoulli. 
Count Bruhl. A Roman Catholic church is erected 
within the imperial palace at Peking. The Prussian 
monarchy is founded. Frederick III., of Brandenburg, 
is now Frederick I. of Prussia. Alexander Cruden. 
Jacques Bridaine. La Chalotais. Joly de Choin, of 
Toulon. Anne is queen of England. Philip Dod- 
dridfje, D. D. Battle of Blenheim. Ahmed III. is 



I 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



51 



1692 



[704 



1716 



sultan. John Wesley. Jonathan Edwards, D. D. 
Admiral Byng. Great Britain seizes Gibraltar. 
Octave of C, 1620. Charles Chauncey, D. D. James 
Barron. U. S. N. Aug. G. Spangenberg, of Feiin. 
Cartheuser, M. D. of Germany. Joseph I. is German 
emperor. John V. king of Portugal. Count Daun, 
of Austria. Benjamin Franklin. General Aber- 
crombie. Rudolph Joseph, count of Colloredo. Era 
of the Camisards in France. Battle of Ramillies. Ste- 
phen Hopkins, of Rhode Island, one of the signers of 
the Declaration of Independence. England and Scot- 
land (the greater and the lesser Britain of ancient 
times) are now united. Selina, countess of Hunt- 
ington. Linnaeus. Buffon. Euler. John Boyle, 
earl of Orrery. Francis I., of Germany^ born. Wil- 
liam Pitt, first earl of Chatham, born. Charles Wes- 
ley. John Hulse. John Hart, of New Jersey, a 
signer, &c. Samuel Johnson, L. L. D. Lord Wil- 
liam Campbell. Thomas (Governor) Gage, Eliza- 
beth, of Russia, born. Vaucansen. Alompra, of Bur- 
mah. John Cruger, of New York. Jonathan Trum- 
bull. William Cullen, M. D. James Ferguson. 
David Fordyce. Thomas (Governor) Hutchinson. 
Eleazar Wheelock, D. D.,of New Hampshire. Rich- 
ard Gridley. Catarina Bassi. Frederick, the great, 
born. Rosseau. Marquis de Montcalm. George 
Grenville, of stamp act fame. Peace of Utrecht. Fre- 
derick William I., king of Prussia. Ferdinand VI., 
of Spain, born. Anthony Benezet, of Pennsylvania, 
an original anti-slavery man. John Stuart, earl of 
Bute. George Whitefield. George I. is king of 
Great Britain. John Winthrop, of Harvard. Mat- 
thew Thornton, a signer, &c. Monboddo, of Scotland, 
an original Darwinian. Joseph Vernet. Vattel. 
Von Gluck. Baumgarten. Louis XV. is king of 
France. Peter II., of Russia, born. Ephraim Wil- 
liams, of Massachusetts. Helvetus. Condillac. Cru- 
cius. Elizabeth Christina, of Prussia. A post office 
is set up in America ! 
Octave of D, 1632. The signers of the Declaration of 
American Independence come in thick after this date. 
Philip Livingston, of New York. George Taylor and 
James Smith, of Pennsylvania. Roger Sherman, of 
Connecticut. John Witherspoon, of New Jersey. 
Peyton Randolph, of Virginia. Samuel Adams, of 
Massachusetts. Aaron Burr, D. D, Thomas Gray, 
the poet. David Garrick. James Brindley. Falco- 



52 PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

1 716 net, the sculptor. Antonio de Ulloa. Maria The- 

resa. Baron Botetourt. Horace Walpole. Israel 
Putnam. John Canton, the electrician. Benj. Kenni- 
cott, D. D. William Hunter, M. D. Count D'Ar- 
anda, of Spain. John Philips, of Andover, Massachu- 
setts. Col. John Wentworth. Mozart, the compo- 
ser. Gleim, the poet. Louisa Ulrica, of Sweden, 
born. Baron Munchausen. Due d'Aquillon. Samuel 
Hopkins, D. D., of Newport. Tom Sheridan. Smol- 
lett. Kemble. Yung-Ching is Chinese emperor. 
He cleans out the Roman Catholic missionaries as a 
bad lot. Sir William Blackstone. Sir Joshua 
Reynolds. Baron Holbach. Richard Price. Ahmed 
Shah, founder of the Afghan monarchy. Immanuel 
Kant. Klopstock, the poet, John Morton, a signer. 
Smeaton, the engineer. Admiral Hood. Gen. Howe. 
Wurmser, of Austria, Lord Clive, James Otis. 
Samuel Ward, of Rhode Island. Lyman Hall, of 
Georgia, a signer. Admiral Howe. Admiral Keppel. 
John Newton, the noted Methodist. Howard, the 
philanthropist. Oliver Walcott, of Connecticut; Lewis 
Morris, of Pennsylvania; Abraham Clark, of New 
Jersey ; George Wyethe, of Virginia ; signers of the 
Declaration of Independence. Gen, Wolfe. James 
W^arren. William Prescott. Isaac Barrc. Lord 
Stirling. Edward Bass, D. D, Sir William Jones. 
Philip W. Otterbein. William Ellery. Patrick Cal- 
houn^ of South Carolina, born in Ireland. Artemus 
Ward. Ezra Stiles, D. D. Isaac Backus. John 
Gano. John Wilkes, of England. Jean Fabre, of 
France. George II., king of Great Britain and Ire- 
land. Peter 11. , Russian czar. 
*:^* Thus ends the Period of the Protestant Reformation. It is remarkable 
for the large number of phenomenal individuals who either laid down their lives 
in defence of their religious convictions, or were fully prepared so to do. The bat- 
tle for religious toleration, fought out in Holland, now yields its fruits. Dogmatic 
theology has reached high-water mark at this date. It will now be assailed from 
opposite directions: on the one side by its friends, including John Wesley ; on the 
other by its enemies, the free-thinkers. An effort to sublimate and idealize the 
Christian system, by Kant and others, is nothing more than a revival of Nto-Pla- 
tonism, and the vagaries of the Gnostics Swedenborg is the real prophet of 
this epoch. Whether his system be regarded as religious or philosophical it is des- 
tined to find the heart of the conscientious, and the head of the rationalist, with- 
out founding a special church for that purpose. It is, in fact, a re-affirmation of 
the spiritual reign which was so emphatically announced at the opening of the 
Christian era, and it is accompanied by just such a spiriturl Int ^rpretaton of the 
letter of the Word, and just such a revelation as would be proper in the case. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 53 

Cycle E being now exhausted, it would follow that Europe had reached the 
climax of Art, Music, Literature and Philosophy, or will soon do so. It would 
also follow that the centre of interest is about to shift from England, and that she 
should suffer a sensible decline. This point is verified in the next Cycle, and in 
th« very first Section of it, when France comes to the front ; and when, as the re- 
sult of French action, Great Britain loses prestige in America. The war of the 
French succession was equally unfortunate to her, for although its immediate result 
■was to send Napoleon I. into exile, it did not prevent the accession of Napoleon 
IIL, who, to avenge his uncle, made England play second-fiddle in the Crimea. 
An enormous national debt, with absolutely nothing to show for it, is the issue of 
her abortive policy for the last centurj'. The United States, and others of her coKv 
nial dependencies, have, however, contributed liberally to the British exchequer, in 
the way of trade: thus giving to England an air of commercial greatness. But the 
colonial balance is now nearly struck, and the mother country will cease to be en- 
riched by them. On the other hand, she may be depleted by various causes, 
chiefly through her efforts to maintain her power. Her great landed estates, once 
her pride and glory, will now be a source of weakness. Their revenues will steadily 
decline, and they will fail to pieces of their own unwieldiness. Thus will end a 
system which was a robbery in the beginning, which has been sustained by rob- 
bery abroad, and by a commercial knavery foi which no trick was too low, and no 
means too reckless or high-handed. British statesmen are not insensible to this 
critical state of affairs. Hence the effort to make sure of an Indian empire, and 
the forlorn hope of settling a scion of royalty in Canada. 

The student will understand that the law of physical science by which effects 
continue after the exciting cause has ceased to operate, is of equal force in history. 
An appreciation c>f this fact will be essential to a correct estimate of the present 
system. 

France hereafter takes the inside track for a considerable period, appearances 
to the contrary notwithstanding. Her humiliation by Germany will prove co her a 
source of strength. A masterly inactivity for twenty-five years would totally de- 
moralize her late enemy, and would be a menace to every crowned head in Europe. 
But France dees not stand alone. The profitable trade enjoyed by her with the 
United States, enabled her to tide over her late financial embarrassment without 
difficulty. The time may come when the United States will feel calkd upon to do 
something more toward canceling the enormous obligation under which they labor 
to France, The prediction of Napoleon I. when he sold Louisiana to the United 
States, if liberally construed, is likely to be fulfilled* 



54 PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

SIXTH CYCLE. F. 

Reactionary, Revolutionary, Reformative, 

*^* While this Cycle affects the world at large, upon its dominant key, its 
centre is in France, Switzerland and Belgium, (including Holland), in the Western 
hemisphere, and Media, Persia, and their ancient dependencies, (including Afghan- 
istan), in the East. Persia will come to the front again, partly through the action 
of England and Russia, but particularly through her own inherent vitality. The 
disruption of the Ottoman empire will play into the lap of Persia. The scene will, 
in the course of this Cycle, be again transferred to Asia, stimulated, as it will be, 
from the Pacific coast of North America. But Africa will resume her ancient rela- 
tions, under more favorable auspices. Reform is the word until A. D. 3456. 

We here renew the request for an astronomical survey, for the purpose of fixing 
a rational era. This Cycle F, as well as the preceding one E, certainly has an as- 
tronomical basis. What, then, were the phenomena at this date ? What was be- 
gun or what ended between A. D. 1728, and 1764? We should accept either of 
these figures, since both are included in the present System. Speak up, gentlemen 
astronomers, and don't be so confoundedly afraid of letting the truth be known ; 
Unless this request be attended to at once, we respectfully give notice that we shall, 
in an enlarged edition, go over the astronomical] field, so far as it is in published 
form, and make out of it what we can. 

PERIOD B. Biblical. 

Era of Metals, Minerals, Mechanical Invention, Chemistry, 
and Medical Discovery. 

Italy, Spain and Portugal — T he Jews, for 576 years. 

*** This Period has its relative as far back as 2304 B. C, the exact nature 
of which is not Jikely to be understood except by those who are living at or about 
2304 A. D. But each Section and every Sub-Section have their octaves after the 
Christian era, and are susceptible of easy demonstration. 

Since this Period includes our own day, we propose to give it a brief exposition, 
to the end that the student may learn the method to be adopted at more obscure 
dates. This Period is on B, subject to the dominant key of F. Agreeably to the 
rule which has been followed from the start, B is Mettalic in the highest sense. 
But its symbolism is Biblical, affecting the nation of the Jews, in the first instance, 
and centreing in Italy, Spain and Portugal, in the last. Now, it is those very 
parts of Europe which are, or at least are supposed to be, in a state of decay, upon 
which this Period pivots, and it will seem to the student highly preposterous to give 
them any leading position whatever in the midst of great and growing nations. He 
would do well, however, to keep remarkably cool, and study the ground carefully. 
He will find that it is generally the j>««// powers that embroil the greater, and that 
nations having a merely nominal existence, are often the source of the gravest 
complications. Furthermore, that it is not the nation which has the largest guns 
that is the most formidable. Ideas are more powerful than artillery. Religious 
ideas, in particular, if founded in a reasonab'e measuie of truth, act as a ferment in 
the popular mind, and, according to their quality, make or destroy empires. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 55 

The first section of this Period is on F, which, of course, means France-, lo- 
cally, and the world in general. Let the student refer to the octave of this same F, 
A. D. 720. He will there find the era of Charlemagne, and he will find also the 
ori£;in of the Papal power. The French Revolution, like its predecessor in Amer- 
ica, had a simple economic issue, but in addition, they both had a religious issue 
of far greater potency. Leaving the American issue to be considered separately, 
France, in her revolution, struck down the creature which she had originally set 
up, With unprecedented violence. When the reaction came, she set him up again, 
but at length abandoned him to the tender mercies of an indignant and now united 
Italy. Thus, at the outset, Italy appears as the centre of the revolutionary period. 
His hoHness, the Pope, is, however, still around, at the back of the btrigues for the* 
restoration of the French monarchy, a bone of contention in Germany, of growing 
influence in England, and not without a solid footing in the United States. 

So far as Spai7i is concerned, it will not be forgotten that America is a Spanish 
discovery, and that she subdued, if she does not now hold, the fairest portions 
thereof. The United States and Spain (A and B), are therefore very closely related. 
This fact alone will hereafter be a source of difficulty, if not war. With the exten- 
sion of American influence into Mexico and the JMexican gulf, a collision with Spain 
seems inevitable. The Spanish succession was the ostensible ground of the Franco 
German war. And now there is a rumor of a probable rupture between Austria and 
Lr.l/ (A and B again), which threatens the most serious consequences. As to Por- 
tugal, it founded the empire of Brazil. 

The United States are on the key of A in Period B, and Section F. That is 
to say, they had an agricultural beginning, in a metallicc biblical period, and at a 
radical epoch. No conditions could be more favorable for a great empire. The 
soil was new and of vast extent, the geographical position remarkable, and at the 
same time remote irom the ancient world, the antecedents of the colonists were 
peculiar, and the circumstances under which they were placed, in a hostile wilder- 
ness, trying in the extreme. Add to this the tyrannical action of the parent govern- 
ment, and we find a case of extraordinary isolation, in which, if the development of 
individuality and self-reliance were possible at all, they would certainly now appear. 
If, therefore, the beginning made by the colonists, in an organized national 
capacity, was unique, it was at the same time unavoidable. They declared the 
rights of man (F), without consulting the authorities upon the subject, and with a 
very imperfect conception as to where such a doctrine would be likely to end. They 
likewise repudiated an ecclesiastical connection (B), and established in lieu thereof, 
a system of secular education, without being aware that they were launching out 
into an unknown sea, wherein they might, perchance, discover the islands of the 
blessed, or, by the other chance, be wrecked upon the hidden shoals. This is 
characteristic of F, A government of the people, by the people, and for the people, 
tickled ihe ear, without considering the true foundation of government, which is not 
human, but divine ; and without appreciating the fact that such a government is no 
government at all, or, if any, that it would more fitly define a church without a State, 
than a State in which the saints are scouted, or, in any event, merely tolerated. 
These trifling drawbacks, we say, were incident to the early formation. But the 
fundamental idea, that hberty would somehow be justified of her children remains 
intact. 



56 rSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

The student will feel no surprise, then, if he finds that upon the very first octave 
of B, ( 1776-1860) there is a collision between the friends and the enemies of human 
liberty, in the United States, nor will he be surprised that the weight both of men 
and means were on the side of freedom. But he will not be so well prepared for 
the developments of the future, while yet the one is as certain as the other. 

Revolutions do not go backward, yet they involve many and trying vicissitudes. 
That any considtrable number of the States, or any great party therein, should de- 
liberately, and by force of arms, attempt to disrupt a system which offers to liberty 
its only possible security, is one of the extraordinary facts of the day, and proves that 
the general moral tone is not up to the standard of free institutions. Should the 
government force its terms upon the States, it is at once centralized. Should the 
States, in their disloyalty to principle, force the Government, it is at once demoraliz- 
ed, if not disorganized. Should it subsidize the disloyal element, for the sake of 
peace, there is corruption. There are dangers on all sides, and there is safety only 
in the preponderance and activity of the moral and religious forces, which the State 
unhappily ignores. 

So excessive a secularization of the civil authority has heretofore been unknown. 
There is a great difference between teaching obedience and subordination to the 
masses, and sharpening tlieir wits up to the point of disco:. tent and mischief. Since 
the labor problem is likely to increase in urgency, by this method, without bringing 
us nearer to its solution, a reaction to the church, as the tranquilizing element, is most 
likely, and we may be disposed to look with more favor upon that organized body 
which has already a strong hold upon several of the States, and which has, in 
one of liiem, a Cardinal at its head. Or if the Italian church should prove an ir- 
ritant to an A merican church, of not less decided pretensions, but with broader 
views, our point, so f.ir as Italian influence is concerned, would still be made good. 
A reaction toward tlie church might not imply a union of church and State, but it 
ivould mean a reformation of the State upon social questions, in like manner as the 
church has been reformed upon the political. We would do well to prepare for the 
years 1884 — 96, and to see to it that the discontent of the masses which has been, 
and will be still further engendered by our system of secularization, is met in a 
satisfactory manner before the year 1944. The first sacrifice will be the cheapest. 

The first section of Period B introduces the American and French revolutions. 
The forces leading to these events are exhausted by the year 1872. That is to say, 
American independence is more assured by the abolition of slavery, and the transfer 
of the balance of trade to the American side, while France has, after much tribula- 
tion, realized a freedom which does not mean licentiousness. Moreover, the radical 
luminaries which have emitted so much splendor under Section F, are nearly all 
blown out by the said year of grace 1872, and the places which knew them will 
know them no more forever. 

After the year 1872 we come into Section G, Sub-Section C. While the centre 
of this Section is in Germany, it has a scientific symbolism, in which new discove- 
ries are made, and new foundations are laid, the world over. This will run until the 
year 2016, when there will be a totally new departure. 

Period B is emphatically a Bible period, and that extraordinary document, no 
longer a source of contention, translated and scattered all over the world, will, be- 
fore the close of this period, (2304), bring all mankind into a common fold, and 
under a common Shepherd. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



57 



1728 



SECTION F. Revolutionary. 

France, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland — Persia. 

Oclave of F, 720, A. D. Extends to 1872. A. D. 

Octave of E, 1644. John Stark and John Langdon, of 
N. H. Ethan Allen. Gen. Gates. Cook, the navi- 
gator. Oliver Goldsmith. John Hunter, M. D. 
Beaume. Ali Bey, chief of the Mamelukes. Moses 
Mendelssohn. Lessing. Heinicke. The Carolinas 
are divided. Bishop Newcome. Philip Embury. 
Gen. Howe. Catharine II., of Russia, born. Chris- 
tian VI., king of Denmark. Charles Emmanuel, king 
of Sardinia. Pope Clement XII. Mahmoud, sultan 
of Turkey. Richard Stockton, of N.J., George Ross, 
of Penn., Caesar Rodney, of Del., and William Whip- 
ple, of Me. , signers of the declaration. Baron Steuben. 
George Dougherty, of S. C. Joseph HE\VES,of N. C, 
a signer, and reputed author of the original draft of 
the dec. Edmund Burke. W^ilHam Williams, of 
Conn., a signer, &c. Oliver Prescott, Erasmus Dar- 
win, M. D. John Gardner, of Mass. Haydn, the 
comp. George Washington. Richard Henry Lee, 
David Rittenhouse, Sam'l Huntington, of Conn., and 
Gwinnett, of Ga., signers, &c. Baron de Kalb. Dr. 
Priestley. Robert Morris, of Phila., Thomas Mac- 
Kean, of Penna., and Francis Lee, of Va., signers. 
Granville Sharp. Count Orloff, of Russia. John 
Adams, of Braintree, Mass. Paul Reve>-e. Robert 
Raikes. Daniel Boone. Patrick Henry. Gen. 
Morgan. Gen. Montgomery. Ann Lee^ of the 
Shakers. John Watt, the inventor. Bailly, the as- 
tronomer. James Clinton, of N. Y. Thomas Paine. 
Kien-lung, of China ; a Napoleon among the Celestials. 
Gibbon, the hist. Benjamin West. Thomas Nel- 
son, of Va., and Francis Hopkinson,of Penna., sign- 
ers, &c. Galvani, of Italy. Ebenezer Webster, of 
N. H. George ITT., of England, born. Charles 
TowNSHEND, of Eng. Carter Braxton, of Va. John 
Hancock, of Mass., and Charles Carroll, of Md., 
signers, &r. JOHN Walter, founder of the London 
Times, and many others. 

*** The personal key of George Washington is D, in Period B, 
Section F, Sub-Section E. That is, being interpreted, a divine man, 
in a biblical period, of reformative tendencies and English connections 
Or, otherwise, a man with a mission in which France and England 
would bb concerned. 



58 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



It will be observed that the octave of tiie above Section, 1644-56, 
covers the era of the revolution in England, under Oliver Cromwell. 
This is not very remarkable in itself, except as indicating a possible 
psychological descent in certain cases. Physiological law is not suffi- 
cient for a.l things. 

1740 Octave of F, 1656. Frederick, the great, is king of 
Prussia. Charles VII., is German emperor. Bene- 
dict XIV., is Pope. George Walton, of Va. William 
Paca, of Md., and Arthur Lee, of Va., signers, &c. 
Elias Boudinot, of N. J. George Clinton, of 
N. Y Auguste Chouteau, of St. Louis, Mo. Geo. 
Clymer, of Phila. Pierre Samuel Dupont de Ne- 
mours. A great invasion of India by Persia, Isa- 
bella Graham, of N. Y. Gen. Sullivan. Benedict Ar- 
nold. Clement Riddle, of Phila. Sir Francis Baring. 
Ancillon, of Berlin. Oberlin, of Strasburg. Jean L. 
Gouttes. Benj. Plarrison, ofVa. a signer. John Cart- 
wright, of Eng. Sir Philip Francis. Count Custine 
Camus. Gregory, of Constantinople. Elizabeth be- 
comes empress of Russia, Battle of MoUwitz, fol- 
lowed by the war of the Austrian succession. Samuel 
Chase,ofMd,, a signer. Ephraim Blaine ofPenn., 
did much to save the army at Valley Forge from star- 
vation. Joseph Reed, of Penna., who refused a large 
bid from the British to use his influence to make up the 
American quarrel. John Murray, of Mass., founder 
of the Universalists. Niles, ofR. I. Joseph II., of 
Germany, born. Joseph Warren, of Bunker Hill. 
Johann Kaspar Lavater, of Switz. James Wilson, 
of N. C. a signer. Gen, Greene. Joseph Brant, Mo- 
hawk chief. Gebhard L. Von Blucher, Prussian field 
marshal, Gilbert Stuart, L. L. D. Abbe Sicard. 
Thomas Jefferson, of Va., (personal key of A.) 
Thos, Stone, of Md., a signer. Francis Dana, of Mass. 
John Fitch, the steamboat man. Edmund Cart- 
wright, inventor of power loom. Cadet de Vaux, 
French chemist. Marquis de Condorcet. Rene Just 
Ilauy. John Lowell, of Mass. Rumsey, the inven- 
tor. William Allen, Eng. chemist. Abraham Rees. 
WiUiam Paley, L. L. D. Mayer Anselm Roths- 
child. Lavoisier. Francis D'Toussaint {L^Ouver- 
tztre). Frederick William II., born. Marquis de 
Favras. A comet with six tails flying around at this 
date. Josiah Quincy, Jr. William Blount, of N. C. 
a signer. Johann Gottfried Herder. Rowland Hill. 
Alessandro Volta, of Italy, Jean Paul Marat, of 
infamous memory. Battle of Fontenoy; victory for 
France. John Jay. WiUiam Hooper, of Mass., a 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



59 



1740 



signer. Nathaniel Emmons D.D.,ofConn. Battle 
of Prestonpans, Scot. Anthony Wayne. John Went- 
worth. Benj. Rush, M. D. Francis Aslury. John 
Barry, U. S. N. Sir William Herschel. Lindley 
Murray. Philippe Pinel, M. D. Francis I. is elected 
German emperor. Count de Barbe-Marbois. Battle 
of Culloden, Scot; end of the Stuarts. The French 
fleet is destroyed by a storm off Boston Harbor; 
(key of D.) Ferdinand VI. is king of Spain. Fre- 
derick v., of Denmark. Robert R. Livingstone, of 
N. Y. Gen. Muhlenburg. Charles C. Pickering, of 
S. C. Theodore Sedgewick. William Billings, of 
Mass., first American composer of church music. 
Gustavus III., of Sweden, born, Thomas Hayward, 
of S. C, a signer. Carlos Maria Bonaparte, of 
Ajaccio, born; father of Nap. I. Admiral Keith. 
Henry Grattan. Countess de Berry, mistress of Louis 
XV.; cost France the little matter of 35.000.000 
francs, and bursted the treasury. The query, " Who 
was she ? " in speaking of the French revolution, can 
now be answered. Pestalozzi, of Switzerland. Kos- 
ciusko, of Poland. William IV. is stadtholder of 
the United Provinces. Leopold II., of Germ., born. 
Rochefoucald. Philip Egalite, duke of Orleans. Pu- 
laski. John Paul Jones, U. S. N. Peace of Aix la 
Chapelle. Charles XIII., of Sweden, born. John 
Lowell, L.L.D. Johann E. Bode, founder of " Bode's 
law." Elias Hicks. Jeremy Bentham. Baltassare 
Odescalchi, duke of Ceri. David, the French painter. 
Bishop White, of Phila. Abbe Sieves. Bertholett, 
French chemist. Charles VII., of Denmark, born. 
Charles James Fox, of Eng. Edward Jenner, M. D. 
Goethe. La Place, the author. Peter Gansevoort, 
of N. Y. Count de Mirabeau. John Stevens, 
Am. inventor. Tippo Sahib, born. Frederick Aug. 
I., of Saxony, born. Maria Letitia Bonaparte, 
mother of Napoleon I., born. Stephen Girard, of 
Phila. CaroHne Lucretia Herschel. Henri Grego- 
rie, Bp. of Blois. Baron Erskine, of Eng. Baron 
Ellenborough. Admiral Collingwood. Sir Robert 
Peel. Isaac Shelby, of Ky. Viscount de Rocham- 
beau. Collet D'Herbois. Nicholas Biddle, U. S. N. 
Richard Brinsley Sheridan. William V. becomes 
stadtholder in Holland. James Madison, born. 
Samuel PHILLIPS, Jr., of Andover, Mass. Stephen 
Decatur, U. S. N. Henry Dearborn, of N. H., and 
others. 



6o 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



752 



The above long-winded list might be duplicated without danger of 
exhaustion. It is not pretended that these names are all pertinent to 
F, but they may be of popular interest. It is somewhat of a curiosity 
to observe the catenation of individuals between two given dates. The 
father and mother of Napoleon I. are here, with a number of reform- 
ers, inventors, &c., of various grades. 

Nathan Dane, of Mass. Marie Jacquard, of France. 
Gouverneur Morris, a signer, and financier. Nathaniel 
Rochester, of N. Y. James Bowdoin. (2) of Mass. 
Blumenbach. Count Cabarrus, of Spain. Gen. Hull. 
Count Rumford. Charles, earl Stanhope. John Ry- 
land. Dugald Stewart. Andrew Bell, D. D,, of Scot. 
Jean Jacques Regis Cambeceres. Louis Alex. Ber- 
THIER. Henri D. Guyot, of Belgium. Franz Karl 
Ackard, of Prussia. Kamehameha, the great. Louis 
XVL born. Prince Talleyrand. Marshal Kleber. 
Charles Francois de Malet. Joseph Cambon. Bris- 
sot, {H Waruille) . Andrew Fuller, D. D Sir John 
Sinclair. Samuel Nott, D. D. John Elliot, D. D., 
of Boston. Andrew Ellicott, the engineer. Great 
earthquake at Lisbon, Portugal; 40.000 lives lost, fol- 
lowed by a milder shock in New England soon after. 
Marie Antoinette, born. Louis XVHL, born. 
Oliver Evans, the inventor. Rufus King, of N. Y. 
Chief Justice Marshall. Wade Hampton, (i) of S. C. 
Louis Casabianca. Earl Catucart. Barras. Ba- 
rere de Vieuzac. Hahnemann. Fourcroy, the chem- 
ist. Baron Von Bulow. Frederick (1756) inaugur- 
ates the seven years' war. Aaron Burr. Gilbert 
C. Stuart, and John Trumbull, Am. painters. Mar- 
quis Beauharnois. Battle of Plassey. British rule 
established in India. Alexander Hamilton, born in 
the West Indies. Marquis de La Fayette. Baron 
Stein. Count de Volney. James Munroe. Noah 
Webster, L.L.D. Jesse Lee, the N. E. Methodist. 
Admiral Nelson, George Vancouver. George Gran- 
ville, duke of Sutherland. Count Huhn. Baron Sacy. 
Robespierre. Horace Vernet. Marshal Massena. 
Gall, the phrenologist. Charles III., of Spain. Mar- 
chioness de Fonseca. Battle of the Plains of Abra- 
ham. Victor Emanuel, of Sardinia, born. Whitte- 
more, of Mass., the inventor. Nathan Read, inven- 
tor of the machine for cutting and heading nails. 
William Pitt. William Wilberforce. Sir Isaac 
Coffin. Robert Burns. Georges Jacques Danton. 
Friedrich Aug. Wolf. Friedrich Von Schiller. 
Jan&et, Bishop of Metz. Friedrich Guts-Muths. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



6i 



1752 George III. becomes king of Gt. Britain. William 

Longstreet, inventor of the cotton gin, &c. Matthew 
Carey, of Philadelphia. Jonathan Dayton, of Isi, J. 
William Duane, of Phila. Joseph Gales, of N. C. 
Adam Clarke, L.L. D. Count St. Simon. Vicomte 
Beauharnois. Thomas Clarkson. Constantino 
Ypsilanti, of Greece. Demetrius Galenus, ditto. Al- 
bert Gallatin. Samuel Dexter, of Mass. Jede- 
diah Morse, Am. geographer, father of F. S. B. Morse 
of telegraph fame. Com. Perry, U. S. N. Com. Pre- 
ble, U. S. N. Caspar Wistar, M. D. William Ca- 
rey, the missionary. Catharine II. is empress of 
Russia. George IV., of Eng., born. Feth Ali, shah 
of Persia, born. Daniel Chipman, L.L. D., of Vt. 
Pliny Earle, the inventor of the machine for carding 
cotton. William Cobbett. Thervigne de Meri- 
court. Lazarus ben-David. Johann Gottlieb Fichte. 
Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland. M. D. Prince Poni- 
atowski is made king of Poland. End of the seven 
years' war. Prussia secures Silesia. The survey of 
Mason & Dixon's line is begun. Josephine (Beau- 
harnois) Bonaparte, horn. John Jacob Astor, born. 
Thomas Campbell, of West Va., father of Alex. Camp- 
bell, D.D. Jean Victor Moreau, Joseph Fouche. 
Johann Paul Friedrich Richter. James Racsanyi, 
I I of Hungary, &c., &c. 

*** The student will observe that the rule which applies so fully to the long 
intervals, is of equal force in the short ones. I'or example, G, marking a period, 
has its initiative in G, the single year; it then passes to Sub-Section G, of 12 years, 
and S:;ction G, 144 years. In all of these relations G maintains its character, both 
national and symbolic. In the foregoing Sub-Section, we have an illustration of its 
germinal symbolism. There are founders of temperance, anti-slavery and mis- 
sionary societies: founders in industrial enterprises of great extent, and the founder 
of the present Italian dynasty. Greece and Germany are shown to be active, the 
one in bringing forth the men who are to figure in the struggle for independence. 
The other, in a revival of literature, in preparing for popular education, and par- 
ticularly for the stimulation of tht national enthusiasm, which is the surest indica- 
tion of vitality. Goethe, Schiller and Richter were men with a mission. This is 
accounted the golden age of German literature. 

SUB-SECTION A. OCTAVE OF A, 1680. 

*^* We begin, at this dae, an alternative Cycle of 1764 years. There are sev- 
eral of these included in the present system. In the case before us, it is compound- 
ed of short cycles of 49 and 84 years, the initial point being seven. Twelve times 
49 is 588. seven times 84 is 58S. Three times 5S8 is 1764. Both of these figures 
are astronomical. It is now proposed to develope this short cycle of 49 years in de- 



62 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



tail, which will doubtless prove highly acceptable to the student of history. Fol- 
lowing the present date, the first one terminates in the year iRia, the second in 1862. 
He can go back as far as he sees fit. This cycle of 49 years is peculiar in one 
respect, as a civil and religious institution. It is a law of limitation, 
which has been well interpreted by Moses, but which rests upon a higher authority 
than his. At this date B. C, and long before, it was in force among the Egyptians, 
and, very likely, the Chaldeans. At the end of 49 years there was a release from 
the accumulated burdens of society. The bondsman regained his liberty, the origi_ 
nal tenure of land was restored, all commercial obligations were cancelled, and 
there was a year of jubilee. We shall see hereafter how emphatically Nature affirms 
this law, and what penalties accrue from its neglect. 



1764 



1765 
1766 
1767 



1768 



1769 



1770 



James Madison. Edward Livingston. Bernadotte. 
Count Dessaix. Earl Grey. James Smithson. Eli 
Whi<:ney. Pope Gregory XVI. D'Hilliers, Fran- 
cois X. Martin, jurist of Louisiana, Baroness Kru- 
dener, of Russia. 

Robert Fulton. Hairison Gray Otis. Samuel Appleton. 
William H. Wollaston, of Eng. UeVilliers, of France. 

Perkins, the inventor. Henry Bell, of Scot. Dalton, the 
chemist. Marshal Grouchy. 

John Quincy Adamr. James Bayard. Andrew Jack- 
son. Pond, the astronomer. Edward Augustus, duke 
of Kent, father of Queen Victoria. Andreas Hofer, 
of Tyrol. Von Schlegel. Count Bentzel. 

Joseph Bonaparte. Francis II., of Germ., (I. of Aus- 
tria), born. James Wadsworth, of N. Y. Johann 
Daniel Falk, of Germany. 

Napoleon Bonaparte, Arthur Wellesley, duke of 
Wellington. Jean L, Tallien. Bourienne. Marshal 
Soult. Marshal Ney. Marshal Lannes. Baron Von 
Humboldt. Baron Cuvier. Kara George, {Black 
George), of Servia. Mahomet Ali, of Egypt. Vis- 
count Castlereagh. Baron Abinger, Gen. Joubert. 
De Witt Clinton. Brunei, the engineer, John Land- 
seer- Smith, the geologist. James Watt, the 
inventor. Ernst Moritz Arndt, of Bonn. There 
is a great time over the election of a Pope this 
year, the crowned heads generally stipulating for a 
man who will suppress the Jesuits! At the end of a 
three months sitting Clement XIV. is elected. 

Lord North becomes British premier. This is the year 
of the Boston massacre (so called). Frederick Wil- 
liam III., of Prussia, born. George Rapp, of the 
Rappites. William Clarke, (firm of Lewis & Clarke) , 
Tristam Burgess, of R. I. Edmund M. Blunt, the 
hydrograph. Gallitzin, the Russian miss, and found- 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



63 



G 1770 



1771 



[772 



1773 



1774 



775 



1776 



1777 



er of a settlement in Penn. Foster, the essayist. 
Wordsworth, the poet. George Canning. Wil- 
liam HusKissoN. Prince Czartoryski. Hegel, the 
phil. Beethoven, the composer. Baron Von Stein, 
founder of the Univ. of Bonn. Jean D. Carro, M. D., 
of Germany. 

Archduke Charles, of Austria. Prince Schwartzenburg (i) 
of Austria. Frederick William, duke of Brunswick. 
Sir Walter Scott. Sydney Smith. Mungo Park. 
Robert Owen. Hosea Ballou. Montgomery, poet. 
Senefelder. 

The first partition of Poland is made by Russia and Ger- 
many this year. William I., of Holland, born. Jo- 
siah Quincy, of Mass. William Wirt. William H. 
Crawford. Ebenezer Porter, of Andover. Archibald 
Alexander, D.D., of N.J. Samuel Taylor Cole- 
ridge. Lord Lyndhurst. Hugh Bourne, of the Me- 
thodists. Thom;;s Dick, L.L. D. Ricardo. Charles 
Fourier. Marshal Duroc. The tea is thrown over- 
board this year. Victor II. becomes king of Sardinia. 

Louis Philippe, born. Prince Metternich. Count Ber- 
trand. William Henry Harrison. Nathaniel Bow- 
ditch, L.L. D. Eliphalet Nott. James Mill, of Eng. 
John M'Culloch. Benj. Delessert. Frederick Cuvier. 
Thomson, the chemist. 

Louis XVI., is king of France. Pius VI., is Pope. Abul 
Ahmed, is sultan of Turkey. Adolphus Frederick, 
duke of Cambridge. Elizabeth Ann Seton, of N. Y. 
Robert Southey. William Bainbridge, U. S. N. Ba- 
ron AsHBURTON. Lord Bentinck. 

Battle of Bunker Hill- Ticonderago, is captured. F. C. 
Lowell. Lucien Bonaparte, born. Prince Borghese. 
Princess Chimay, of Spain-the " who was she? " of 
France in 1794. Lyman Beecher, D. D. James Bar- 
bour, of Va. Daniel O'Connell. Charles Lamb, 
Charles Kemble. Sebastian Foy. Malte Brun. 
Schelling, of Germany. 

SUB-SECTION B. OCTAVE OF B, 1692. 

Declaration of Am. Independence. Admiral Broke. Sir 
Samuel Brown, the engiueer. William Blackwood. 
Mario Bozzaris, the Greek patriot. Spurzheim, the 
phrenologist. Niebuhr. Schlosser. Viaro Capo 
D'Istria, of Greece. 

Battle of Saratoga. Alexander I., of Russia, born. Fran- 
cis I., of the Two Sicilies, bom. Henry Clay. 
Roger B. Taney. Edmund P. Gaines. Hezekiah 



64 PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

[777 Niles. Sir John Ross, Joseph Hume. Henry Hal- 

lam. Thomas Campbell, the poet. Lorenzo Dow. 
James Jackson, M. D. of Boston. D'Blainville. Ade- 
laide Ricamier. Carlo Odescalchi, founder of indus- 
trial schools for girls, 

1778 Treaty of alliance with France. Great rejoicing in the 
Am. Colonies. Battle of Monmouth. Louis Bona- 
parte, born, father of Napoleon IH. Gustavus VI., 
of Sweden, born. Thomas Ritchie, of Va. John T. 
Shubrick, U. S. N. Charles Stewart, U, S, N. Sir 
Humphrey Davy, Rembrant Peale, Andrew Ure, 
M. D. Gay Lussac, Champollion. Belzoni. 
BiERNACKi, of Poland. John Murray, the Eng, pub- 
lisher. 

1779 An enormous sun-spot at this date. Nathan Appleton, 
of Boston. Joseph Story, the jurist, Washington 
Allston. Benj. Silliman. George Poindexter, of Va. 
J. R. Poinsett, of S. C. James K. Paulding, of N. Y. 
Stephen Decatur, U.S. N. Lord Brougham. Chief- 
Justice Denman, Viscount Melbourne, Lord Camp- 
bell, Lord Cockburn, William Cloves, the printer. 
Thomas Moore, the poet. Berzelius, the chemist, 

1780 William Ellery Channing, D. D. Elijah Ilcdding, D. D. 
Moses Stuart, of Andover, John A, Andrew, of 
Mass. John J. Audubon. Horace Binnev, of Phila. 
Theodore Sedgwick, of Mass, Patrick Tracy Jack- 
son, of Mass. Edmund Dwight, of Chicopee, Mass. 
Charles E. Dudley, of Albany. Lott Gary, of Libe- 
ria. Richard M . J ohnson, of Ky. Cleveland, the mi- 
nerologist. David Porter, U. S. N. Thos, Chal- 
mers^ D. D. Elizabeth Fry. George Croly, L.L. D. 
Robert Newton, of the Brit, and For. Bible Society. 
Sir Charles Bagot. Sir Richard Church. Robert 
Emmett. Maria Pauline Bonaparte. Jacques Chas. 
Brunei. Beranger. Duke Decazes. G. H. Von 
Schubert. Count Nessehrode. Duke de San Miguel, 
of Spain. 

%* It would almost seem as though C meant cotton, from the 
manner in which the manufacturers fall into line on this letter. VVe 
reserve the point. The first American Bank is started. 

1781 Lemuel Shaw, I^.L. D.,of Mass. The planet Uranus 
turned up this year. David Dudley Field, D. D. 
Robert Hare, of Penna. Jeremiah Evarts, of Vt. 
Anson G. Phelps, of Conn. Henry St. George Tuck- 
er, John M. Berrien, of Ga, Joshua Soul*,', the Me- 
thodist bishop, William Miller, the Miileyiie. Sir 
Thomas S. Raffles. George Stephenson, the engineer 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



65 



781 



1782 



1783 



1784 



1785 



John Abercrombie, M. D. Ebenezer Elliot, the corn- 
law rhymer. Eugene de Beauharnois. Blangini, of 
Italy. Ludwig Achim Von Armm, of Germany. 
Daniel Webster. Martin Van Buren. John C. Cal- 
houn. Lewis Cass. Thomas H. Benton. Charles- 
J. Ingersoll. Archbishop Hughes. Judge Duer. 
Nicholas Longworth. Lewis Warrington, U. S. N. 
Stephen Cassin, U. S. N. Charles Lowell, D. D.,. 
of Boston. Sir John F. Burgoyne. Earl Spencer. 
Stephen Lushington. Sir Charles J. Napier. John 
Henderson, of Scot. Lammenais. Auber, the com- 
poser. John, archduke of Austria, born. BernouUi.^ 
Friedrich Froebel. a long list of well-known lite- 
rary men is omitted. The clergy are too numerous to 
mention. 
James Biddle, U. S. N. Gen. Dearborn, of Mass. Si- 
mon Greenleaf, the jurist. Luther Rice, the mission- 
ary. Samuel J. Mills, of Conn. Washington Irv- 
ing. Edward Payson. Thomas P. Thompson, of 
Eng. Sir J, Jeejeebhoy, of India. Marquis de Mon- 
tholon. Marquis de Chambray. Gen. Gourgand, 
Eugenie Hortense Beauharnois. Magendie, Alex- 
der Ypsilanti, (2), of the Russian service. Simon 
Bolivar. The seven years war in America ends th"s 
year. 
Zachary Taylor. Sidney E. Morse, of the N. Y. Ob- 
server. Peter Cartwright, a noted Methodist. Nathan 
Hale, of Boston. Clement C. Biddle, of Penn. Wil- 
liam Allen, D. D,,of Me. Joseph E. Worcester, L.L. 
D. Robert Walsh. Samuel Newell, the mission- 
ary. Viscount Palmerston. Leigh Hunt. Andrew 
Crosse, the electrician. John Walter, (2) of the Lon- 
don Times. Adam Black, of Scot. William Yarrell, 
the naturalist. Baron Dupin, of Fr. Admiral Bauden. 
Ferdinand VII., of Spain, bom. Paganini. Bessel, 
of Germ., and Hapsteen, of Norway, astronomers. 
Amici, Italian optician. 
Henry Wheaton. John M'Lean, of the U. S. Supreme 
Court. William W. Seaton, of Washington, D. C. 
Daniel Appleton, the N. Y. publisher. Gardiner 
Spring, D. D. Spencer H. Cone, D. D. Henry Col- 
man, the agricultural Com. Barnabas Bates, the cheap 
postage man. Oliver H. Perry, U. S. N. Valentine 
Mott, M. D. Viscount Hardinge. Hooker, the bo- 
tanist. Sedgewick, the geologist. John Wilson 
( Christopher North). Jean Francois Allard. Faus- 
tus Soulouque. Mahmoud II. August Bockh. 



66 
A 

B 



1786 



1787 



D r 



1789 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

Alexel Turgeneff. Paul Antony, prince D'Esterhazy 
Frakno. Julius Jakob Von Haynou. Geo. Rodmer, 
inventor of the bomb-shell. 

WiNFiELD Scott, U.S.A. William L. Marcy. Nich- 
olas BiDDLE. Joseph Gales {Gales 6f Sealon), 
John Downes, U. S. N. David Crockett, Thomas 
S. Grimke, of S. C. Alexander Campbell, D. D, 
Ezra S Ely, of Phila. Joseph Frye, of Va. William 
R. King, of Ala. Sir George Pollock. Sir Charles 
Napier. Sir Thomas P. Buxton. John C. Hob- 
house. George Granville, second duke of Sutherland. 
Baron Weber, the composer. Friederick William II., 
of Prussia. 

Constitution of the U. S. is framed this year. True to C. 
Sierra Leone is colonized by the English. John J. 
Crittenden, of "Compromise" celebrity. Theodore 
Frelinghuysen, another compromise, on the Clay ticket. 
Thomas H. Gallaudet, of Conn. Emma Willard, of 
Troy. Richard H. Dana, Sen, Sir de Lacy Evans. 
Edmund Kean. Isaac Taylor. John S, M. Fon- 
blanque. Richard Whately, of Dublin. Francois P. 
G. GuizoT. John Bouvier, of Phila. Georg Si- 
mon Ohm, the electrician. Fraunhofer, the optician. 

SUB-SECTION C. OCTAVE OF C, 1704. 

Adoniram Judson, of the Am. Bapt. Miss. Nathaniel 
Hewitt, D. D,, of Conn. Thomas Blanchard, of Mass. 
the inventor. Daniel Dod. of N, Y., pioneer in build- 
ing marine engines. Robert L. Stevens, of N. Y. 
John C. Spencer, of N. Y. Joseph John Gurney, 
of Eng. Sir W. Hamilton, of Scot. Lord Raglan. 
Sir Robert Peel (2) . Lord Byron. George Combe. 
Sir Stratford Canning. The British organize a colony 
in New South Wales. Becquerel, of Fr. Fresnel. 
Etienne Cabet. Don Carlos. Baron Reichenbach. 

George Washington, first Pres. U. S. Era of the French 
Revolution. William Jay. Levi Woodbury. Thos. 
Ewing. Amos Kendall. James Fennimore Cooper. 
Calvin Colton. J. W. Francis, M. D. William 
Cranch, A.M. Reuben H. Walworth. Jared Sparks. 
Catharine M. Sedgwick. Bishop Meade. Benjamin 
LUNDY. Josiah Hanson, {Uncle Tom). Hannah F. 
Gould. Louis J, Papineau, of Canada, Charles W. 
Dilke, of the Athenaum . Margaret, countess of Bles- 
sington. John R. McCullough. John P. Collier. 
Eaton Hodgkinson. Sir William Fairbairn. Francis 
R. Chesney, pioneer of the overland route to India. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



67 



1789 Robert W. Fox, F. R. S., inventor of the clipping 
needle. Sir Henry Pottinger. Louis Jacques M. 
Daguerre. Silvia Pellico. Neander. Prince 
GoRTCHAKOFF. Prince Menshikoff. Ibrahim Pa- 
sha. A number of painters, sculptors, &c., omitted. 
The first Congress of the United States assembles this 
year. 

1790 John Tyler, of Va. Juan Alvarez, of Mexico. Nicolas 
Bravo, ditto. Edward P. Chauncey. A. Goodrich. 
Fitz-Greene Halleck. David B. Douglass, of West 
Point. Sir John T. Coleridge. John Elliotson, M. 

D. John Alston, of Scot. Barry Cornwall. Sir W. 

E. Parry. Father Mathew. Lamartine. Berryer. 
Fieschi. Leopold II., emperor of Germany. Leo- 
pold I., of Belgium, born. Gen. Dembinski. Con- 
stantino Canaris. Buturlin, of Russia. Paez, of Ve- 
nezula. Isturiz, of Spain. Lopez, of Paraguay, &c. 

1 791 James Buchanan. Robert Young Hayne, of S. C. 
Peter Cooper, of N. Y., a founder. Francis P. 
Blair another. Samuel F. B. Morse, another. De- 
nison Olmstead. Lowell Mason. Lydia H. Sig- 
oumey. George Ticknor. Daniel Treadwell. David 
Hale, of N. Y. Stephen H. Tyng, D. D. Thomas 
H. Skinner, D. D. William S. Taylor, Am. Educa- 
tor. Thomas Earle, of Phila. Goold Brown, the 
grammarian, Michael Faraday. George Rennie. 
P. F. Tytler. Robert Napier. Chevalier Bunsen. 
Maria Louisa, of Austria. Encke, the astronomer. 
Odilon Barrot. Jean Francois Champollion Le 
Jeune, founder of the science of hieroglyphics. 

17^2 The first Protestant missionary society is organized at this 
date by William Carey, of the Baptists. Gustavus IV. 
is king of Sweden. William II., of the Netherlands, 
born. Pius IX., bom. Lord John Russell. Sir 
John F. W. Herschel. Francis II., is Germ. emp. 
George M. Dallas. Alexander H. Everett. Ab- 
bott Lawrence. James G. Birney. Francis Gran- 
ger. " David Conner, U. S. N. Samuel Nelson, of 
the U. S. Sup. Court. J. M. Wainwright, D. C. L. 
John Howard Payne. Nathaniel L. Frothingham. Sa- 
rah M. Grimke. Chas. G. Finney. Theodore Clapp. 
Thomas Ewbanks. Sir Colin Campbell, lord Clyde. 
Sir John Bowring. George Cruikshank. Percy B. 
Shelley. Capt. Marj^att. Murcheson, the geologist. 
Lieut. Gen. Bentinck. Thomas M. J. Gousset. 
Genoude, the Fr. journalist. Dufrenoy, the geologist. 
Edourd Richer. Rossini, the composer. Hauptman 



68 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



A 1792 ditto. Bishof, the chemist. Espartero, of Spain. 

Victor Cousin. August Hahn. 

B 1793 Reign of Terror in France. This date is the short octave 
of 1744, the year Marat was bom. By going back 
another 49 years, we come near to the revocation of the 
Edict of Nantes, (i685); bv a third stage to the ac- 
cession of Louis XIV., 1643; and by a fourth, to a 
point at which the Romish church reached the lowest 
depth of degradation under Pope Julius III., who ac- 
tually gave a cardinal's hat to the keeper of his mon- 
kies, alleging that he was as fit to be cardinal as he 
(Julius) was to be pope ! The massacre of St. Bar- 
tholomew (1572) was a natural sequence, since the 
court of France was but a reflection of the court of 
Rome at that time. The reign of terror was merely 
one of the common revenges of history. Battle of 
Toulon. Thaddeus Steven^. Edward Bates, of 
Mo. William C. Rives, of Va. John Slidell. Henry 
C. Carey. Samuel Houston. Lucretia Mott. John 
Neal. Almira H. L. Phelps. Samuel H. Cox, D. D. 
Father Taylor, of Boston. John Scudder, D. D. Na- 
than Lord. William Aug. F. Delane, of the London 
Times. Dionysius Lardner. Gen. Changarnier. Sam- 
son, the actor. Baron Baumgarten, of Austria. 
1794 Cornelius Vanderbilt. William C. Bryant. Thomas 
Corwin. Joshua Leavitt, of N. Y. William Forster, 
ofTenn. Sylvester Graham, M. D. Jehudi Ashman, 
of the colonization society. Gen. Worth. Gen. Ste- 
phen W. Kearney. Sir John Rennie, the bridge build- 
er. John G. Lockhart. William Whewell. Mrs. 
Hemans. George Grote. WiUiam Ellis, D. D., the 
missionary. Prince Hohenlohe, of Genu. Marshal 
Pellissier. La Place the navigator. Ancelot. D'Au- 
bigne, the historian. 
179s James Gordon Bennett. James K. Polk. George 
Peabody, the banker. Silas Wright. Joshua R. 
Giddings. James Harper, the publisher. Edwin A. 
Stevens, the steamboat man. Samuel Williston, of 
Mass. Matthew C. Perry. U. S. N. Charles FoUen, 
L. L. D. A large uumber of D. D's omitted. Sir 
Henry Havelock. Thomas Carlyle. Thomas Ar- 
nold, of Rugby. Sir Rowland Hill. William 
Howitt. Robert Vaughan, D. D. First national 
thanksgiving in the U. S. Joseph Wolff, the convert- 
ed Jew. Abbe Chatel. Athanase L. C. Coquerel. 
Frederick William IV., of Germ., born. Joseph Bem. 
Marshal D'Hilliers. Poland is partitioned for the last 
time. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



69 



*** The partition of Poland. This damnable affair seems to 
have been projected and prosecuted with the deliberation of profes- 
sional burglars, wholly unmindful of the day of reckoning which will 
surely come. The thing is the more atrocious from the fact that Ger- 
many, at least, is indebted to Poland for putting a stop to the inroads 
of the Turks. 

1 796 Reverdy Johnson, of Md. Elliot Cresson, of Pa. John 
M. Clayton, of Del. Elizabeth Gallitzen, of N. Y. 
Robert F. Stockton, U. S. N. Francis Wayland, 
D. D. George Bush, D. D. Henry B. Bascom, 
D. D. William A. Muhlenberg, D. D. John G. 
Palfrey, D. D. James Lick, of Cal. Horace Mann. 
William B. Prescott. Thomas C. Halyburton, of 
Canada. Hosea Ballou, D. D. Nicholas I., of Rus- 
sia, born. Count de Palikao, of France. P'eargus E. 
O'Cunnor. Francis T. Baring. Junius Brutus Booth, 
the actor. Keats, the poet. Quetelet, of Belgium. 
Enfantin, of Paris. Isaac Adolphe Crimeaux. Ni- 
kolai A. Polenoi, of Russia. 

[797 John Adams, is Pres. of the U. S. John Bell, of Tenn. 
Gerrit vSmith, of N. Y. Ezra Cornell. James 
N. Mason, of Va. John Harper, the publisher. Na- 
thaniel Greene, of Boston. Francis P. Kendrick, D. D. 
of Md. Thurlow Weed. Hiram Paulding, of U. 
S. N. Joseph Henry, L. L, D. George B. Emerson, 
of Mass. Frederick William III., is king of Prussia. 
Philip, Count Brunnow, of Russia. Sir Charles Lyell. 
Sir Anthony Pannizzi, Sir John Wilkinson. Gen. 
Anson. Marquis of Normandy. Andrew Combe. 
Louis Adolphe Thiers, and many others of note. 

[798 Ethan A. Hitchcock, of Vt. Anson Jones, of Texas. 
Francis L. Hawks, D. D. Lawrens P. Hickok, L. L. 
D. Robley Dunglison, M. D. Sam'l G. Drake, of 
N. H. John A. Djx, of N. Y. Jonas Chickering, 
of Boston. Ichabod S. Spencer, D. D. John Sum- 
merfield, N. Y. William Wheelwright, the railroad 
man. WilHam A. Alcott, M. D. Robert Baird D. D. 
Waddy Thompson, of S. C. Bishop M'Ilvaine. Asa 
Whitney, the R. Rd. man. Antonio Lopez de Santa 
Anna. Pedro J., of Brazil. Charles Albert, of Sar- 
dinia. Count Sclopis de Salerno. Rebellion in 
Ireland. Thomas Hood, the poet. Auguste Comte. 
Pierre Leroux. Marbeau, the founder of infant asy- 
lums. Theo. Fleidner, of Epstein, Prussia. 

799 Beginning of the coup d''etat of Napoleon I., who makes 
himself first consul. SiMON Cameron. Rufus 
Choate. Amasa Walker. Amos Bronson Alcott. 



70 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



-99 Joseph Sexton, of the U. S. Mint. John Lowell. 
Pius VII. is pope. John H. Lothrop. Jacob Knapp, 
the evangelist. Vincent Priessnitz. Tholuck, the 
theologian. Ignaz Dollinger, D. D. Heine, the 
poet. Earl of Derby. 

SUB-SECTION D. OCTAVE OF D, 1716. Russian. 

1800 Millard Fillmore. George Bancroft. Benjamin 

F. Wade. Salmon P. Chase. Caleb Cushing. 
Henry S. Foote, of Miss. John Brown, the Virgi- 
nia raider. Charles Goodyear. Constantine Hering, 
M. D. Robert J. Breckenridge,D. D. John P. Dur- 
bin,D. D. Stephen H. Tyng, D. D. James Vinton, 
D.D. George B. Ide,D. D. Alonzo Potter, D. D. 
Thomas B, Macaulay. William Parsons, earl of 
Rosse. William Chambers. Gray, the naturalist. 
Dumas, Fr. chemist. Frederika Bremer. Gen. Von 
Moltke. Prince Schwartzenberg, (2), of Austria. 
Innocent, of Odessa. Battle of Marengo. 

[801 Peace of Luneville, which is followed by treaties with 
Spain, Naples, the Pope, with Bavaria, Portugal, 
Russia, Turkey, Algiers, and with England in 1802. 
Alexander I. is czar of Russia. Thomas Jefferson 
is Pros, of the U. S. Robert Dale Owen. Samuel 

G. Howe, M. D. William H. Seward. David 
G. Farragut, U. S. N. Pierre Soule. Robert J. 
Walker, a Gov. of Kansas. Theodore D. Wool- 
sey, L.L. D. George P. Marsh. Thomas F. Mar- 
shall, of Ky. George D. Boardman, D. D., the mis- 
sionary. John S. Emerson, the miss. Benjamin F. 
Bache. Ezra G. Gannett, D. D. Joseph W.Har- 
per, the pubhsher. Rowland G. Hazard, of R. I. 
Denison J. Rust, M. D. Brigham Young. Sam- 
uel Seabury, D. D. Eli Smith, the miss. William 
Allen, of Ohio. Alexander W. Kinglake, of Eng. 
George P. R.James. John Henry Newman. An- 
thony A. Cooper, earl of Shaftesbury. St. Marc Gi- 
rardin, and E. L. G. Cavnignac, Fr, journalists. G. 
H. G. Jahr, M. D. Regnault Armand Trousseau, 
M. D. Giobert, of Italy. Baron Jellachich, of 
Austria. Michelet. Muller, the physiologist. Volk- 
mann, ditto. Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. 

1802 The treaty of Amiens is patched up in March of this year. 
In the following November, Napoleon makes himself 
consul for life. Moses H. Grinnell. Alexander 
T. Stewart. Edward Kent, of Me. John M. Botts. 
James Watson Webb. Geo. P. Morris, of Phila. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



1802 



71 



1803 



[804 



Geo. D. Prentice, of Ky. Barnas Sears, D. D. 
LydJa Maria Child. Calvin E. Stowe, D. D. Leon- 
ard Bacon, D. D. William li. Furness, D. D. Jere- 
miah H. Jeter, D. D. Edw.N. Kirk, D.D. Horace 
Bushnell, 1). D. Horatio Potter, D. D. William 
Chapin, of the blind asylum, Phila. Mark Hopkins, 
D. D. Artemus B. Muzzey, and many others. Sir 
Charles Wheatstone, of Eng. Harriet Martineau. 
Hugh Miller. Robert Chambers. Elizabeth Landon. 
Cardinal Wiseman. Victor Hugo. Louis Kos- 
suth. Gen. Cavaignac. Joseph Louis Due. Lacor- 
daire. Marquis Orense, of Sp. Bellini, the compo- 
ser. Jules Pierre Barouche. Georg Ernst Stahl. 
Johann P. Lange. Karl E. A. Gutzlafif. Keshid 
Pasha. Mariano Arista, of Mex. Vladimir Ivano- 
vitch Dahl, of Russia, &c., &c. 
The treaty of Amiens is broken by Gt. Britain, and war 
is declared against France. John Bull seizes British 
Guiana. Ralph Waldo Emkrson, Orestes A. 
Brownson. John A. Sutter, of Cal. Theodore D. 
Weld, of Conn. James B. Rogers, of Phila. Gen. 
Albert S. Johnston. John Erricson, naval engineer. 
Samuel F. Dupont, U. S. M. Sarah B. Judson, of 
N. H. Theo. Bailey, U. S. N. Ri.bert Stephenson, 
of Eng. Sir Joseph Whitworth, William S. O'Brien, 
of Ireland. Cardinal Cullen. Douglas Jerrold. Sir 
Janies Outram. Etienne Arago, of France. Alex. D. 
Diimas, the novelist. Leon Faucher. Dupanloup. 
D'Aurille de Palladines. Cabral, of Portugal, Carlo 
Poerio, of Italy. Baron LlEBiG. Ferencz Deak, of 
Hungary. Sidi Mohammed, of Morrocco. Deme- 
trius Kalergis, of Greece. 

*** Ralph Waldo Emerson. Dominant B, Sec. F. Sub-Sec D. 
Personal E. Octave of Immanuel Kant. A philosopher of Biblical an- 
tecedents, radical proclivities, and ethical tendencies. Values the law 
more than the gospel, and nature more than the Creator. Not a 
prophet. Does this rule apply to all under the same key? No. 
There is a secret here worth knowing, but which is not yet fully re- 
vealed. E marks the philosopher, it is true, but the dominants may 
make him a far-sighted mi itary man, an engineer, a politician, or a 
philosophical chemist. A man is adapted to his surroundings, but is 
often found in a false position. 

William Lloyd Garrison. Franklin Pierce, of 
N. H. Charles C. Atherton, ot N. H. Nathaniel 
Hawthorne. Charles Gordon Greene, of Boston. 
Charles O'Connor, of N. Y. Elizur Wright. Thomas 
U. Walter, the architect. Richard Fuller, D. D. of 



72 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



1804 Md. William R. Williams, D. D., N. Y. Teter 
Parker, M. U., the miss. Alviu Adams, the express 
man. Gen. Almonte, of Mex. Osceola. John 
KiTTO,ofEng. Sir Titus Salt. Richard Cobden. 
Henry Lytton, earl Buhver. George Sand, of Fr. 
Eugene Sue. Charles Augustin Saint Beuve. Johann 
Strauss, the musician. Napoleon assumes the purple 
this year, of course. 

1805 William G. Brownlow. Elijah P. Lovejoy. Ma- 
jor Robert Anderson. Louis M. Goldsborough, U. 
S.N. Robert Rantoul, Jr. John B. Floyd. David 
Dudley Field. Hiram Powers, the sculp. Horatio 
Greenough ditto, John S. C. Abbott, WiUiam B. 
Rogers, of Phila. Sears C. Walker, of O. Samuel 
D. Gross, M. D. Benjamin D'Israeli, viscount 
Beaconsfield. Edward George E. Lytton, baron Bul- 
wer-Lytton. Elizabeth B. Browning. Thomas 
Brassey, the railroad contractor. Sir W. R. Hamil- 
ton. Earl Stanhope. George Mueller, of Bristol, 
Eng. Niepece de St. Victor. Claude Etienne Minie. 
D'ToCQUEViLLE, E. Drouyn de Lhuys. Louis A. 
Blanqui, Mazzini. Adam Gurowski. Pavel Pav- 
lovitch Gagarin, of Russia. Kaulbach and Hubner, 
Germ, painters. Christoph Reuben. Gervinus. Ida, 
countess of Hahn-Hahn. Philaret, of Russia. Bat- 
tle of Austerlitz. Napoleon makes himself king of 
Italy. The first steamboat is seen on the Hudson 
river this year. 

1806 The confederation of the Rhine is formed. The English 
take Cape Colony from the Dutch. Joseph Bona- 
parte is made king of Naples. Louis Bonaparte king 
of Holland. Francis I. of Austria. Alexander, prince 
of Servia. William P. Fessenden, of Me. John 
P. Hale, of N. H. Henry A. Wise, of Va. An- 
drew H. Foote, U. S. N. Fletcher Harper, of 
N. Y, Benito Pablo Juarez, of Mexico. M. F. 
Maury. John A. Robeling. Stephen Alexander, L. 
L. D. Luther V. Bell, M. D. Leonidas Polk, of 
La. Edwin iForrest. Peter R. Kenrick, D. D., of 
St. Louis. Enoch C. Wines, L. L. D. James S. 
Mill, of England. Charles Wordsworth, D. C. L. 
Isambard K. Brunei, naval engineer. Alexander 
Duff, D. D., the miss. Ferdinand (Viscount) de 
Lesseps, Victoria F. Barrot. Michel Chevalier. 
Lamoriciere. Cardinal Antonelli. Condolet, the 
Swiss botanist. Abd-el-Kader. A number of Ger- 
man writers and savants, some of them Jews. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



73 



1807 Batde of Eylau, a check upon Napoleon by Russia. 
Treaty of Tilsit. Messrs. Morrison and Milne estab- 
lish an Anglo-Chinese College at Malacca, and trans- 
late the Bible into Chinese. Henry W. Longfel- 
low, the poet. John G. Whittier. Gamaliel Bai- 
ley, M. D. Charles Francis Adams. William L. 
Dayton, of N. J. Joseph Holt, of Ky. James H. 
HammondjOf S. C. Gen. Joseph E.Johnston. Gen. 
RobertE.Lee. Oliver Ames, of Mass. Prof. Louis 
J. R. Agassiz. E. a. Sophocles, A. M., L.L. D. 
Geo. W. Kendall, of La. Edmund S. Janes, D, D. 
George Putnam, D. D. Alexander H. Vinton, D. D. 
William Adams, D. D. William H. Wyckoff, L, L. 
D. Gorham D. Abbott, L.L. D. Montgomery, the 
poet. Lady Caroline Norton. Miss Mary Carpen- 
ter. Archbp Trench. R. S. Candlish, D. D. Giu- 
seppo Garibaldi. Robert Blum. Birchoff. 
The slave trade is abolished by Gt. Britain and the Unit- 
ed States. Jefferson Davis, of Miss. Andrew 
Johnson, of Tenn. Hamilton Fish, of N. Y. Ed- 
mund Quincy. Horatio B, Hackett, D. D., L.L. 
D. Richard Hildreth. Benj. F. Barrett, D. D, 
William H. Allen, L.L. D. Cardinal Manning. 
John S. Russell, naval engineer. Sir William Fergu- 
son. Mahmoud II. is sultan of Turkey. Marshal 
MacMahon, of Fr. Duke de Persigny. Ledru 
Rollin. Victor Considerant. Count Apponyi, 
of Hungary. Johann K. Bluntcahili, of Germ. Jo- 
hann Wichern. David F. Strauss, the sceptic. 
Frederick VI . is king of Denmark. 

1809 James Madison, is Pres. of the U. S. Battle of Wag- 
ram. The Papal. States are annexed to the French 
empire, for which act Napoleon is excommunicated, 
for which act the Pope is sent to prison, where he re- 
mains until 1814. A new constitution for Sweden 
this year. Toleration for all. Abraham Lincoln. 
Hannibal Hamlin. Benj. R. Curtis, of the U. S. 
Sup. Court. Robert Schenck, of Ohio. Oliver W. 
Holmes. Robert C. Winthrop. Admiral Dahlgren. 
Raphael Semmes. Robert M. T. Hunter, of Va. 
Robert Turnbull, D. D. Thomas S. Kirkbride, 
M. D. Edgar A. Poe. T. S. Arthur. Theo. Irv- 
ing, D. D. Joseph A. Alexander, D. D. Geo. 
R. GUddon. O. S. Fowler. Pliny Earle, of Mass. 
William G. Gladstone, of Eng. Richard M. 
MiLNEs, lord Houghton. Alfred Tennyson. 
Charles R. Darwin. Napoleon III. bom. Max- 



74 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



D 1809 shal Canrobert. Louis C. Delescluze. Jules C. G. 

Fabre. Pierre J. Proudhon. Armand Barbes. 
Bruno Bauer. Count Von Beust. Hermann G. Grass- 
man. Alessandro Gavazzi. Louis Harms, of Hcr- 
mansburg. 

E 1810 Napoleon having divorced Josephine, marries Maria 
Louisa, of Austria. Massena is defeated by Welling- 
ton in Spain. Bernadotte is made king of Sweden; 
Louis Bonaparte, of Holland. But the latter is com- 
pelled to resign, and Holland is annexed to P'rance. 
Gt. Britain seizes upon Mauritius in Africa. Theo- 
dore Parker, of Boston. Margaret Fuller Ossoli. 
Williixm H. Channing. Richard H. Dana, Jr. Orms- 
by M. Mitchell, the astronomer. Horatio Seymour, 
of N. Y. Jeremiah S. Black, of Penn. Jas. Brooks, 
ofN.Y. Robert Toombs, of Ga. Cassius M. Clay, 
of Ky. Robert T. Conrad, of Penn. Lewis Gaylord 
Clark. Charles P'.Uiott, the engineer, Asa Gray, the 
botanist. Phineas T. Barnum. Sir Henry C. Raw- 
linson. Sir W. G. Armstrong. Gilbert A. a'Beckett. 
Henry Alford. Martin F. Tupper. Gen. Napier, 
(of Magdala). Caroline (Jones) Chisholm. Sir 
Chas. W. Dilke. Edw. Doubleday. Philip H. Gosse. 
Count Walowski, of Fr. David, the comp. Gaspa- 
rin. Count de Montelembert. Duke of Abrantes, (3). 
Camilia Benso. Count Cavour, of Italy. Ole 
Bull. Robert Schumann, the composer. Pope Leo 
Xin. bom. 

*** Theodore Parker. Under like conditions with R. W. Emer. 
son. A theosophist (D', a controversialist (F), an ethical philoso. 
pher (E), of a far less conciliating temper. Divested of his learning, 
Parker would have been an agitator. With it, he was a critic of de- 
cided prejudices, quite unable to see the other side of a question, even 
if he had the disposition so to do. Not a man of poetic genius. No 
prophet. 

pjiSii Charles Sumner. Wendell Phillips. Horace 
Greeley. Edward D. Baker, of Cal. William H. 
Bissell, of 111. James E. Murdoch. Elihu Burritt. 
Noah Porter, D. D. Andrew P. Peabody, D. D. 
Plenry James. L. N. Fowler. John W. Draper, 
M. D. George T. Bigelow,L.L. D. John H. Noyes, 
of Oneida. A great earthquake at New Madrid, in 
the Mississippi valley, this year, extending 300 miles 
south of the Ohio. John Bright, of Eng. Robert 
Lowe. Sir William R. Grove, M, D. James M'Cosh, 
D.D. Sir James Y. Simpson, M. D. Archbp. Tait. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



75 



F '1811 Le Verrier, the astronomer. Thomas, the compo- 

ser. Marshal Bazine. Bunsen, the chemist. P>anz 
Hecker. Franz List. Marie F. Pleyel. 

SUB-SECTION E. OCTAVE OF E, 172S. EnglisH. 

1812 Burning of Moscow, and retreat of the grand army in dis- 
grace. Louisiana is acquired by the United States. 
Second war with Lng. Henry Wilson, of Mass. 
Harriet Beecher Stowe. Samuel I. Prime, of N. Y. 
Kpes Sargent. Alex. H. Stephens, of Ga. Jesse D. 
Bright, of Ind, Judah P. Benjamin, of La. Andrew 
A. Humphreys, U. S. A. Humphrey Marshall, of 
Ky. Thomas L. Clingman, of N. C. Roundell 
Palmer, of Eng. Earl Canning. Charles Dick- 
ens. Robert Browning. Charles Mackay. Louis 
G. Julien, the composer. M. Arago. Yx. politician. 
Ignace Xavier Morand Hommaire de Hell! Said 
to have been a French traveller, but if he was oi hell, 
some correction is necessary. Hendrick Conscience, 
Flemish novelist. Anatoli Demidotf. Thalberg. 
Alexander Hertzen, of Russia. Kaspar Hauser! 

A 1813 Octave of A, 1764. Perry's victory on Lake Erie. 
Henry Ward Beecher. John'C. Fremont. 
Stephen A. Douglas. David Porter, U. S. N. 
John Sedgwick, U. S. A. Montgomery Blair. Judge 
Thurman, of O. Cyrus A. Bartol, D. D. Anna So- 
phia Stevens. Benson J. Lossing. James D. Dana, 
L.L. D. John S. Dwight. Healy, the painter. Da- 
vid Livingston, African explorer. Isaac Pitman, the 
phonographer. William B. Carpenter, M. D. Louis 
Blanc. Georges Darboy, archbp. of Paris. August 
Fiiedrich P-Lberhard, prince of Wurtemburg. Joseph 
Fessler, Austrian bishop. Baron Eotvos, of Hung. 
Wagner, the composer. Abbas Pasha, of Egypt. 
Prince Carlos Auersperg. 

B 1814 The allied army occupies Paris. Napoleon retires to 
Elba for a short rest. The Austrian Netherlands are 
united to Holland. Pius VH. revives the order of 
the Jesuits. Samuel J. Tilden, of N. Y. Edwin 
M. Stanton, of Pa. John L. Motley, the author. 
Henry W. Bellows, D. D. Edwin H. Chapin, 
D. D. Alonzo a. Miner, D. D. George E. Ellis, 
D. D. James R. Bayley, D. D. J. T. Headley. 
Crawford, the sculptor. Colt, the revolver man. 
Eugene Rouher. Count Juan 1'rim. Jules Si- 
mon. Georges Fisch, D. D. Yerdi, the composer. 
Baroness Burdett Coutts. Bishop Colenso. William 



76 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



1814 Smith, of the Bible Diet. William E. Baltzer, Germ, 
reformer. Ernst Curlius, the archaeologist. 

1815 Battle of Waterloo. The Frenchmonarchy restored under 
Louis XVIII. A hand-shaking among the royalists 
all around. Meanwhile Uncle Sam is getting ready 
for future trouble at home. Joseph Hooker, U.S.A. 
Philip Kearney, U. S. A. Stc^ hen Aug. Hurlburt, of 
111. Braxton Bragg. Howell Cobb. John M.tchell, 
of Ireland. James T. Brady, of N. Y. Erastus 
Brooks. John \Ventworth, of Chicago. Henry R. 
Anthony, of R. I. James Freeman Clarke, D. D. 
of Boston. William Henry Fry. Ezekiel G. Robin- 
son, D. D. Arthur P. Stanley, dean of West- 
minster. Earl Granville. Prince Von Bismarck. 
Louis Jules Trocher. Count Benedetti. Aali 
Pasha, of Turkey. Battle of New Orleans. 

1816 Morrison R. Waite, of the U. S. Sup. Court. E. R. 
Hoar, of Mass. James W. Grimes, of low a. Stephen 
J. Field, of the U. S. Sup. Court. Elihu W^ashburne, 
of 111. George H. Preble, U. S. N. Thomas W. 
Sherman; George H. Thomas; George G. Meade, 
and Henry W. Halleck, all of the U. S. A. Natha- 
niel P. Banks, of Mass. William D. Wilson, D. D., 
L.L. D. of Cornell univ. Levi Janvier, D. D., the 
miss. Parke Godwin, of N. Y. John G. Saxe. 
Sam'l Allibone, L.L. D. Charlotte Bronte, of Eng. 
Newman Hall, D. D. Ernst W. Siemens, the Germ, 
inventor. Baron Tauchnitz, the publisher. Ferdi- 
nand I. is king of the Two Sicilies. Ferdinand, titu- 
lar king of Portugal, born. 

1817 James Monroe is Pres. of the U. S. John Jay, of N. Y. 
John W. Forney, of Phila. Henry D. Thoreau, of 
Mass. Henry W. Davis, of Md. Frederick T. Fre- 
linghuysen, of N. J. John B. Gough. Charles W. 
Elliot, of N. Y. Eliza'Cook, of Eng. Sir John Gil- 
bert. John T. Delane, ofthe London Times. Geo. 
J. Holyoake. Hooker, the botanist. Plorsley, the 
painter. William III., of the Netherlands, born. 
George (Augustus) becomes king of Hanover. Al- 
brecht, archduke of Austria, born. 

i8i8 Benj. F. Butler, of Mass. Irwin M'Dowell, U. S. A. 
Don Carlos Buell,of Ky. William M. Evarts, of 
N. Y. John L. Worden, U. S. N George S. 
Boutwell, of Mass. Wade Hampton, (2) of S. C. 
Richard J. Gattling, the gun inventor. Julia Ward 
Howe, of Mass. Emily C. Judson. Emma D. E. 
N. Southworth. Thomas Hill, D D., of Harvard. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



77 



Maria Mitchel, of Vassar. James A. Froude, of Eng. 
Alexander Bain. John Walter. (3), of the London 
Times. William E. Foster, M. P. Don Carlos, of 
Spain. Karl Marx. Franz Eduard Todleben, Rus- 
sian mil. eng. Arthur Gorgey, of Hungary. Alex- 
ander II., of Russia, born. Ernst II., of Saxe-Co- 
burg-Gotha, bom. Prince de Joinville, of Fr. Ernst 
Cloquet, M. D. Gen. Douay. Charles E. Bro\vn- 
Sequard, M. D. An earthquake in India at this date, 
2000 miles of land submerged. 

1819 Florida is ceded to the U. S. by Spain. Victoria 
Alexandrina, queen of Gt. Britain, born. Prince 
Albert, born. Cyrus W. Field. Joseph Hooker, 
W. S. Rosecranz, and Edw. R. S. Canby, of the U. 
S.A. James Russell Lowell, of Mass. Thomas 
A. Hendricks, of Ind. Fred. D. Huntington, D. D. 
Elias Howe the inventor. Philip SchafT, D. D. 
Geo. W. Samson, D. D, Matthew S. Culbertson, 
D. D. John C. Peters, M. D. W^alt Whitman. 
Thomas Ball, Edwin E. Brackett, and W. W. Story, 
sculptors. John C. Adams, the Eng. astronomer. 
John RusKiN AnnC.Mowatt. Charles Kingsley. 
Cowper P. Coles., the inventor. Sir Herbert B. Ed- 
wardes. Struve, the Russian astronomer. Caspedes, 
of Cuba. Maria II., of Portugal, born. Offenbach, 
French composer. 

1820 George IV. succeeds to the British throne. Count de 
Chambourd, the imaginary Henry V. of France, born 
Princess Mathilde Bonaparte, born. John Tyndall, 
the naturalist. Herbert Spencer. Marian C 
Evans, {George Eliot). Elizabeth Rachel Felix 
the actress. Victor Emanuel II., of Italy, born 
Alexander John, prince of Roumania, bom. Tau 
Kwang is emperor of China. Civil war in Spain at 
this date, caused by the reactionary policy of Ferdi 
nand. William Tecumseh Sherman, U. S. A 
Gen. Longstreet. Earl Van Dorn. Anson Bur 
lingame. Susan B. Anthony. Henry J. Raymond 
of N. Y. Horatio S. Howell, of N. J. Alice Gary 
Charles F. Deems, D. D. EHsha Kent Kane, M. D 
Charles A. Bristed. Austin Phelps, of Mass. Flor 
ence Nightingale, of Eng. Isaac Todhunter, the 
mathematician. 

182 1 Napoleon I. died. The Missouri compromise is adopt- 
ed this year. (See B, 1850). Victor Emanuel I. 
abdicates in Sardinia. Don Carlos, of Spain, born, 
the present claimant. Rudolph Virchow, the phy- 



[82] 



78 PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

siologist. Helmholtz. Jenny Lind. Aug. E. 
Mariette. Charles F. Hall, Arctic man. Gilbert 
Haven, D. D. Henry C. Fish, D. D., of N. J. 
Richard S. Storrs, D. D. Edward L. Youmans. 
Elizabeth Blackwell, M . D. John C. Breckenridge, of 
Ky. Ephraim G. Squier, the archaeologist. Amelia 
B. Welby, of Ky. W. H. Russell, of the London 
Times. Henry T. Buckle. W. J. Conybeare. James 
S. Muspratt, the chemist Burke, Australian explorer. 
Ulysses S. Grant. Rutherford B. Hayes. Daniel 
E. Sickles. James L. Orr, of S. C. Richard Grant 
White. Thomas B. Read. James Parton. William 
T. Adams. Edward Everett Hale, D. D. Geo. R. 
Crooks. D. D. James Strong, S. T. D. Henry M. 
Field, D. D. Thomas Gallaudet, D. D. Alexandre 
Tache, Canadian archbp. Walcott Gibbs, the chem- 
ist. Matthew Arnold, Eng. poet. Viscount Hard- 
inge. Rossi, the Italian archaeologist. Peruzzi, the 
statesman. Rosalie Bonheur, Fr. painter. Hein- 
rich Schliemann, the Germ, traveller. Abdul Medjid, 
of Turkey, born. 
*** Ulysses S. Grant. There is a peculiarity here, which was 
true also of Washington, that neither Grant nor Hayes are on the 
military key. No other general officer is found at this date. There is 
a relation between E 172S-40, and E 1812-24. Also between C 1773, 
and C 1822. There is nothing, except the records of the two men, to 
indicate which of them is the true octave ol ^Vashington. t'wi'of them 
certainly is. Perhaps if the issue of Hayes vs. Tilden were again pre- 
sented for adjudication by the people, Hayes might be sustained for 
his probity, as Grant has been for his military genius. Or.if the emer- 
gency demands it, the two names might go on the same ticket. The 
octave of the retirement of Washington, (1797 — 1881). has a significance 
which the historical student will not fail to appreciate. (See also octave 
of Gen. Jackson, E, 1831 — 80.) 

A comet with/7£;<? tails this* year. The Spaniards are dri- 
ven from South America. Republic of Colombia, or- 
ganized. Oliver P. Morton, of Ind. Schuyler Col- 
fax. W. B.Franklin, John Pope, Fitz John Porter, 
and B. G. T. Beauregard, of the army. Francis A. 
Harding, of Md., whose case caused the division of 
the M. E. church in 1844. William M. Tweed, the 
champion N. Y. thief. R. S. Ripley, U. S. A. Thos. 
W. Higginson, of Boston. William R. Alger, D. D. 
Archibald A. Hodge, D. D. Charles P. Krauth, of 
Penn. William H. Milburn, the blind preacher. 
Leo XII. is Pope. Count Andrassy, of Hungaiy. 
Max MuUer, the philologist. Hind, the astronomer. 



[823 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



79 



1824 



1823 Thomas Hughes, M. P. Thomas F. Meagher, of Ire- 

land. Joseph Ernst Renan, Fr. Paul Janet, of 
Paris. Gen. Chauzy. Karl W. Siemens, of the steel 
works, Wales. Thomas L Harris, the Spiritualist. 
Pierre S. A- Cochin, Fr. philanthropist. Gold win 
Smith, of Eng. 

SUB-SECTION F. OCTAVE OF F, 1740. French. 
Octave of E, 1775. The United States of Mexico are or- 
ganized. Charles X. becomes king of France. Francis 
succeeds to the throne of the Two Sicilies. Charles 
Louis, is king of Bavaria. Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel. 
Maj. Gen. Hancock. Maj. Gen. Burnside. Maj. 
Gen. Berry. Thomas J. {Stonewall) Jackson. Edw. 
Kirby Smith. William Walker, of Nicaragua fame. 
George William Curtis, oi Harper's. Samuel 8. 
Cox, ofN. Y. George H. Boker, of Phila. Phoebe 
Gary. Chas. G. Leland. Huggins and Gould, the as- 
tronomers. W. Wilkie Collins. Sir William Thomson, 
the math. George Smith, the orientalist. Rob't Bon- 
ner, of N. Y. Friedrich Kapp, of Germ. Fischer and 
Buchner, German philosophers. Lacretelle, the Fr. 
Jesuit. &c. &c. 

1825 Nicholas I. becomes Czar of Russia. John Quincy 
Adams is Pres. of the U. S. Pedro II., of Brazil, 
born. Louis I. becomes king of Bavaria. Thomas 
Henry Huxley, of Eng. Bayard Taylor. Henry 
Charles Lea. Q. A. Gilmore, U. S. A. John C. 
Dalton, M. D. Thomas D'Arcy M'Gee. Emilie 
Olivier, of Fr. Sebastian Tejada, of Mexico. Em- 
press Eugenie, born. 

1826 Frederick, grand duke of Baden, born. Dr. Falk, Ger. 
statesman. Charles XV., of Sweden, born. Geo. B. 
McClellan, U. S. a. Thomas Sterry Hunt. 
Earl of Derby. Earl Dufferin. Prince Orloff, of Rus- 
sia. Benj. Gratz Brown, of Mo. Sam'l Bowles, of 
Mass. Heinrich Lang, of Germany, &c. Trouble 
brewing in Greece. 

1827 Battle of Navarino; the Turks blown out of the water. 
Charles Loyson, {Father Hyacinthe). Grand duke 
Constantine, born. William H. Hurlbert, of N. Y. 
Berthelet, Fr. chemist. John A. Broadus, D. D, of 
S. C, &c.,&c. 

1828 Friederich Charles Nicholas, prince of Prussia, bom. 
Don Miguel, of Portugal. Lucien Louis Joseph Na- 
poleon, (bom in Rome). Became chamberlain to 
Pope Pius IX.; wanted to be Pope himself. Jacob 



8o 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 



G 
A 
B3 



1828 D. Cox, of Ohio. Senator Bayard, of Del. Jefferson 
C. Davis, U. S. A. James B. M'Pherson, U. S. A. 
David A. Wells, of Conn. Johanna Wagner. Geo. 
A. H. Sala. Balfour Stewart. 

1829 Andrew Jackson is Pres. of the U. S. Pius VIII. is 
Pope, The Romish propaganda of Lyons is founded. 
Carl Schurtz. Edward Lasker, of Germ. Se- 
nator Conkling. John Hall, D. D., of N. Y. James 
A. Meigs, M. D. Franz Von Holtzenporff. 
Peter Bayne. John Rogers, the sculptor. Edward 
Vogel. 

1830 Revolution in France. Louis Philippe, king of the French. 
William IV. succeeds to the British throne. Otho, 
of Bavaria, becomes king of Greece. Abdul Aziz, 
of Turkey, born. Ismael Pasha, of Egypt, born. 
Francis Joseph, of Austria, born. Isabella II., 
of Spain, born. First railroad opened in England. 
O. O. Howard, U. S. A. Gen. Hood. James G. 
Blaine. William A. Wheeler, the Vice-Pres. 
Green Clay Smith. Gov. Hartranft, of Pa. James 
Orton, of Vassar. Jean Ingelow. Justin M'Carthy. 
Charles Nordhoff. Clement R. Markham. Henri 
Rochefort. Rubeinstein. Sir William Palliser. Ju- 
liette Bonheur. 

183 1 Philip H. Sheridan, U. S. A. John M. Schofield, U. 
S. A. Othniel C. Marsh, Yale. John S. Crum- 
baugh, of Md. Charles, crown prince of Prussia, and 
of the Germ, emp., born. Gregory XVI. is Pope. 
Dom Pedro I., of Brazil abdicates. D'Arguebelle, 
Franco-Chinese mandarin. Belgium becomes inde- 
pendent. 

1832 Andrew D. White, L. L. D. Thomas DeWitt Tal- 
mage. laaac I. Hayes, M. D. Sir James Ferguson. 
Gustave Dore. Emilio Castelar. Miramon, of 
Mexico. 

1833 Slavery is conditionally abolished in the British West In- 
dies. Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley. Wilham F. War- 
ren, D. D. of Boston. 

834 Charles H. Spurgeon, D. D. Frederick Muller, the 
philologist. Therese Titjens. Ernst H. Ha2ckel,Ger. 
naturalist. Charles W. Eliot, L.L. D. 
1835 Theodore Tilton. Philip Brooks, D. D. Samuel Cle- 
mens. Prince Leopold, of Prussia. Du Chaillu, the 
African explorer, Leopold 11. , of Belgium, born. 
Manton Marble, of N. Y. Henry Maudsley, M. D. 
Louise Chandler Moulton. Ferdinand^ of Austria. 
First railroad opened in Germ. Great fire in N. Y. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



8i 



SUB-SECTION G. OCTAVE OF G, 1752. German. 

1836 Octave of C, 1787. Joseph N. Lockyer, the astronomer. 
Francis 1 1., of Sicily, born. Frederick Augustus II. » 
of Saxony. High water in commercial matters.' 

1837 Martin Van BuREN is Pres. of the U. S. Richard A. 
Proctor, the astronomer. Dwight L. Moody, the 
evangelist. Algernon C. Swinburne. Queen VICTO- 
RIA succeeds to the British throne. 

*** The abolition of the slave trade in 1808, by the U. S. and 
Gt. Britain, has its natural octave here in the abolition of slavery in 
the Wt. Indies. British statesmen saw what we did not, that the one 
involved the other. The subsequent agitation in the U. S. is due ta 
ihis neglect 

1838 Leon Gambetta, of France. W. E. H. Leckey, of 
England. 

1839 Christian VIII., is king of Denmark. Charles I., of 
Roumania, Bret Harte. R. J. W. Buckland, D. D. 
Karl Ernst Bock, of Germ, Abdul Medjid is sultan, 
The Chinese seize and destroy all the opium of the 
British found in the ports of China. Beginning of 
the infamous opium war. 

1840 Frederick William IV. takes the throne of Prussia. Be- 
came insane in '58, and was succeeded by his brother, 
the present reigning emperor, in '61. W. H. H. 
Murray, of Mass. Ira D. Sankey, the evangelist. 
William II. is king of the Netherlands. Era of At- 
lantic steam navigation. Penny postage established 
in England. War upon poor China by England. 

1841 William Henry Harrison Pres. of the U. S. Suc- 
ceeded by John Tyler, after 30 days. Albert Ed- 
ward, the present prince of Wales, born. Pedro II. 
is emperor of Brazil. Thomas Nast. o( Harper's. 

1842 See Italy, Spain, Portugal and Spanish America. Gold 
prospecting in California, Australia, &c. 

1843 Elias Howe, and his sewing machine. Commercial revi- 
val. Morse sets up his telegraph between Baltimore 
and Washington. 

1844 Henry Clay, vs. James K. Polk, vs. James G. Birney. 
The Free Soil party takes its rise from this date. 

1845 James K. Polk Pres. U. S. Annexation of Texas and 
the war with Mexico. Policy, the extension of sla- 
very. 

1846 Pius IX. is elected Pope. Planet Neptune discovered. 
Battle of Monterey, &c. 

1847 Vera Cruz is taken by Gen. Scott. First partition of 
Mexico, or was it a purchase .'' 



82 



A 


1848 


B 


1849 


C 


1850 


D 
E 


1851 
1852 


F 


1853 


G 


1854 


A 


1855 


B 


1856 


C 


1857 


D 
E 


1858 
1859 


F 


i860 


G 


1861 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

SUB-SECTION A. OCTAVE OF A, 1764. 

A new start. Revolution in France. Louis Philippe 
has leave to withdraw. Louis Napoleon provisional 
president. Revolution in Hungary, led by Louis Kos- 
suth. A great time generally. Francis Joseph be- 
comes emperor of Austria. Frederic VII. king of 
Denmark. A presidential fuss in the United States. 
Zachary Taylor w. Lewis Cass, vs. Martin Van Buren. 
Australia is falling into line. 

Zachary Taylor is Pres. U.S. Killed by the poli- 
ticians, and succeeded by Millard Fillmore. Gold 
booming in California. Victor Emanuel II. is king 
of Sardinia. William III. of the Netherlands. Re- 
bellion in China. 

HiEN-FoNG becomes Chinese emperor. The civil war 
in China assumes large proportions, the issue being 
for and against foreign intercourse. California a free 
State. 

Coup d'etat of Louis Napoleon. Octave of D, 1802. 

Another presidential year in the U.S. Scott vs. Pierce. 
Louis Napoleon spreads as Napoleon III. 

Franklin Pierce Pres. of the U. S. Beginning of the 
fuss in Kansas, France declares war against Russia. 

Battle of Inkerman. Perry's Japanese expedition. French 
industrial exhibition. 

Alexander II. succeeds as czar of Russia. End of the 
rebellion in China. End of the Crimean war. 

Treaty of Paris. England, France and the United States 
insist upon commercial relations with China. Sepoy 
rebellion in India. Buchanan vs. Fremont. 

James Buchanan Pres. of the U. S. Octave of C, 
1808. Bank suspension. Panic in commercial cir- 
cles, the world over. 

John Brown raid in Virginia. Donati's comet appears. 

Battles of Magenta and Solferino. A large detonating 
meteor passed over Pennsylvania and New Jersey in 
November of this year. 

SUB-SECTION B. OCTAVE OF B. 1776. 

Octave of F. 18 11. Presidential campaign. Lincoln, 
Douglas, Bell, Breckenbridge. The earth passes thro' 
the tail of a comet this year. France occupies Cochin- 
China and New Caledonia. Pekin taken by the allies. 

Abraham Lincoln Pres. U . S. Era of the great South- 
ern rebellion. Fort Sumter taken. Bat. of Bull Run. 
&c. Victor Emanuel II. is king of United Italy. Ab- 
dul Aziz is sultan of Turkey. 



GENERAL DETAIL. 



83 



1862 

1863 

1864 
1865 

1866 



1867 
1868 

[869 

[870 

1871 



1872 



Franco -Austrian invasion of Mexico. Bat. of Antietam. 
The Merrimac destroyed. Surrender of New Orleans. 

Proclamation of emancipation. Bat. of Gettysburg. Sur- 
render of Vicksburg. 

Sherman's march to the sea. Kearsagevs,. Alabama. 

Lee's surrender, and collapse of the Confederacy. Pres. 
Lincoln assassinated, Andrew Johnson takes his 
place. Leopold IL is king of Belgium. Enormous 
sun spots visible. 

The Atlantic cable is laid. A new star appears. Fall 
of an aerolite in Hungary weighing 600 pounds, with 
several hundred smaller ones. Beautiful star shower 
in November. German-Italian war. Battle of Sad- 
owa. Brilliant success for Prussia. 

French exposition of industrial arts. 

German unity and nationality developing. Presidential 
campaign. Grant vs. Seymour. 

Ulysses S. Grant Pres. U.S. Ollivier, French pre- 
mier. The Vatican Council convenes. Pacific rail- 
road opened. 

Franco-German war. Parisian commune. Victor Eman- 
uel occupies Rome. France brought down to the 
dust. Napoleon III. a prisoner of war. End of the 
temporal power of the papacy. Octave of B, 1821. 

William IV., of Prussia, is now William I. of Germany. 
Siege and surrender of the city of Paris. Adolphe 
Thiers, provisional president of the French republic. 
Amadeus becomes king of Spain. Great fire in Chi- 
cago. 

SECTION G. Germany to the Front. 

Octave of G, 864, A. D. Extends to 2016, A. D. 

*** Section F went out with unusual violence, maintaining 
throughout, beyond all question, its national designation. The face 
of things materially changes after this date. Germany comes to the 
front, but Kaiser William and Prince Bismarck will soon pass away. 
With them will go Beaconsfield, Gortchakoff, Andrassey and others- 
A change of a decided character will be the result. The following 
Sub-Section C, is Turkish as usual, and will show the influence of Ger- 
many at once. It is also the Commercial Sub-Section — a fact which 
every one will be ready to verify. 

SUB-SECTION C. OCTAVE OF C, 1788- 

Compare with D, 1823; compare, also, the Continental 
currency of 1788, with the greenback of 1872. Oscar 
II. is king of Sweden. Russia sets aside the treaty 
of Paris. Great fire in Boston. Grant vs. Greeley, 



84 



E 


1873 


F 
G 
A 


1874 
1875 
1876 


B 
C 


1877 
1878 


D 


1879 


E 


1880 


F 
G 
A 
B 


i88i 
1882 
1883 
1884 



PSYCHOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY. 

Viscount Beaconsfield becomes British premier. Grant, 
for a second term, President U. S. Failure of Jay- 
Cook & Co., &c., &c. 

MacMahon French President. Octave of F, 1790. 

Panic in Germany. Alfonso III. becomes king of Spain. 

Centennial year in U. S. Hayes t;j Tilden. Beginning 
of the Russo-Turkish war. Murad V. Abul Ila- 
mid II. Rebellion in Japan. 

Rutherford B. Hayes Pres. U. S. Battle of Plevna. 

Treaty of Berlin. Narrow escape for Turkey. Great har- 
vest year in the United States. 

Trouble in Russia. Nihilism rampant. A crisis in France. 
MacMakon resigns. Octave of D', 1830. 

Ministerial crisis in England. Beaconsfield vs Gladstone. 
A crisis in the United States. 

What? Octave of F, 1832, and of 1797. 

Octave of G, 1833. 

Octave of A, 1834. 

Sub-Section D. Octave of D, 1800. 

*:»:* The student will now see that the foregoing outline requires a good deal of 
filling to make it what it should be. Such details as come to us of late years in 
census reports are of more importai.ce than those that are given in histories. When 
thus earned out, each nation by itself, it would be a compend to which future his- 
torians might contribute, but none of them displace. Statesmen might take their les- 
sons from it, and nations would be warned in advance against impending disaster 

To get a proximate idea of the future it will be necessary not only to preserve 
the historical connections, but to provide for extraordinary contingencies. For ex- 
ample, for a terrestrial disturbance of some kind, arising from the altering relations 
of our moon; for a similar disturbance arising from the displacement and combus- 
tion of the coal fields; and for some marked electrical results from the extension of 
railroads and telegraphs. The natural increase of population fixes its own limit to 
a certain extent. Yet if the use of maehinery has the effect to displace human labor, 
it is evident that the limit would be reached through scenes of misery which are 
shocking to contemplate. 

The fundamental relation of our scale to ideas will, nevertheless, be maintained, 
and will be even more pronounced in the future than it has been in the past. The 
commerce and industry of the world will, in their turn, overwhelm hostile dynasties 
and disband standing armies. This would not, in all respects, be a desirable 
economic result, if armies of a different character did not take their place. Ac- 
cordingly, this epoch requires armies to build railroads and other public works, 
monuments of an enduring character, and for the purpose of reclaiming the waste 
places. 

Cycle F extends to A. D. 3456. This is some time ahead. There is a singular 
retroactive principle working through these long periods, by which peoples, 7000 
years apart, are made to assimilate. Thus, in an important sense, 3456 A. D. will 
correspond to 3456 B. C. But we have no space for the argument. Of higher 
significance is the fact that Cycle F has its Octave in the transitional zoological 
period of 12.000 years ago. The analogy would go far to prove that animal exist- 
ence will reach its climax in the course of the present cycle ; that not only will all 
wild animals be swept away, but that the domestic animals will be much curtailed. 
The same rule will apply to barbarous tribes, nations and individuals. All such, 
that cannot be turned to moral account, that are more animal than man, will un- 
doubtedly be destroyed But this analogy would also imply a projjressive change 
in the constitution and habits of the existing race; a radical change in the make up 
of society; such a transformation, in short, to an intellectual and spiritual state, 
which of all things, seems at present the most improbable, 



GENERAL DETAIL. 8$ 

CONCLUSION. 

Beyond this point the present System runs as follows, by 

Sections and Periods only : 

Section A. Octave of A, 1008, A. D. 
Section B. Octave of B, 1152, A. D. 

PERIOD C. Octave of C, 1728, B. C. 

Section C. Octave of C, 1296, A. D. 

Section D. Octave of D, 1440, A. D. 

Section E. Octave of E, 1584, A. D. 

Section F. Octave of F, 1728, A. D. 

PERIOD D. Octave of D, 1152, B. 

Section G. Octave of G, 1872, A. D. 

Section A. Octave of A, 2016, A. D. 

Section B. Octave of B, 2160, A. D. 

Section C. Octave of C, 2304, A. D. 

CYCLE G. 

PERIOD E. Octave of E, 576, B. C. 

Section D. Octave of D, 2448, A. D. 

Section E. Octave of E, 2592, A. D. 

Section F. Octave of F, 2736, A. D. 

Section G. Octave of G, 2880, A. D. 

PERIOD F. Octave of F, Christian Era. 
Section A. Octave of A, 3024, A. D. 
Section B. Octave of B, 3168, A. D. 
Section C. Octave ^fC, 3312, A. D. 
Section D. Octave of D, 3456, A. D. 

PERIOD G. Octave of G, 576, A. D. 
Section E. Octave of E, 3600, A. D, 
Section F. Octave of F, 3744, A. D. 
Section G. Octave of G, 3888, A. D. 
Section A. Octave of A, 4032, A, D. 
End of the Grand Cycle of 12.096 years. 

*** Assuming a previous Zoological Cycle of similar extent, we 
should get the Siderial Cycle of 24.192 years. 



APPENDIX. 



The Incompleteness of this work, its peculiar character and great 
pretensions, will doubtless give rise to a host of interesting ques- 
tions, a few of which are already on file. Answers to these are given 
below. Questions of a similar character may be addressed to the 
author, through the publishers, and they will be attended to provid- 
ed the expense of so doing is enclosed. The development of this 
System has been a work of considerable labor, and it has been prose- 
cuted under great disadvantages. While the enlarged edition may 
be more full and specific, it may still be far from perfect, because of 
the enonnous field which it undertakes to cover. Should there be 
among our correspondents, persons of special information upon any 
of the topics properly pertaining to this System, they will confer a 
favor by giving us their corrections, additions, or emendations, with 
suitable precision as to names, dates and facts. We shall take 
pleasure in acknowledging in print whatever may be received and 
accepted of this description. 

Q. How do you account for the years being unlike, if such be 
really the fact ? 

Ans, The astronomers will answer this question conclusively at 
no distant day. In the meantime, we can only refer to the great 
difference in the actinic force of the Sun, supplemented by pla- 
netary perturbation. Our great central luminary is, of course, the 
prime source of our year, and the magnetic storms proceeding peri- 
odically from thence, give us a very lively perception of solar influ- 
ence. But of a more permanent character, and more beneficent, are 
the ordinary effects of the planets upon each other. Whether JuPi- 
ter be in perihelion or aphelion, in opposition or conjunction, is a 
matter of interest to us, since the action of that planet modifies our 
own, not merely in its motion round the sun, but agreeably to the 
stages of development attained by each respectively. Besides, we 
may assume upon recent evidence, that the planets are chemically 
alike in structure, but differing as they do in mass, they are by no 
means chemically equal. This fact alone would sustain our hypo- 
thesis, since it would furnish the periodic action and reaction for 
which we contend. 

Q. Is not that a return to the ancient astrology ? 

Ans. A return of the kind, in a higher or lower degree, is indicat- 
ed at or near the present date, corresponding as it does, to the mid- 
dle empire of Egypt. It is cheap talk to say that the men who built 
the Pyramids were fools. A recurrence to ancient ideas in modified 
forms is in the order of human events, 

89 



9© APPENDIX. 

Q. Does that mean a return to the ancient myths ? 
Ans. Not necessarily so. The Egyptian priests made a wide 
distinction between Sabaos (or star worship) and the God of Sabaos, 
but they were not able to keep the mass of the people up to it. The 
moderns ought not to make a less intelligent discrimination. The 
an:ients, however, were unable to perceive that the malignancy which 
they attributed to planetary influence, existed only among themselves. 
A moral universe is antagonistic to a degenerate society. Failing 
to convert, it is efficient to destroy. 

Q. What becomes of your central element D, in such a case ? 
Ans. It stays right there, but is not identical with Jupiter Olym- 
pus. Deity acts through secondary agencies. The stimulus to work 
is as much a divine impulse as the stimulus to worship, ha v^ing refer- 
ence to the projjer times and seasons. God is Lights of which the 
sun is but the medium ; He is 'fust, of which the order of the uni- 
verse is but the reflection; He is Loz'e, and manifests Himself 
through his Son, and in a less direct manner through his prophets 
and teachers. 

Q. Then your theory is, that if man harmonizes with nature, he 
will harmonize with God ? 

Ans, If he does. That is well put. But he has not heretofore 
done so except under compulsion. 

Q. Would you then abandon the musical hypothesis if you were 
sure of the chemical ? 

Ans. It could not be done. The doctrine of numbers and of 
musical and chemical affinities hang together. 

Q. But in music the ^r.s/, third a.nd Ji/tA dominate the scale. 
What becomes of your second, fourth, sixth and seventh ? 

Ans. That point is well taken. Every politician, and, indeed, 
every public teacher, is aware that it requires an enormous /rgjjwr*? 
to move a large body of people out of their customary habit of thought. 
Nothing short of war, pestilence, or other great calamity, the discov- 
ery of new lands, or mines of wealth, seem to have the desired effect. 
There is, moreover, a tendency to degenerate, which requires the most 
unremitting labor to counteract. The dtsid:ratum is, therefore, to 
keep the popular mind up to tone, by the discouragement, and even 
the suppression, of whatever has a tendency to degrade it. Now, the 
first, third and fifth, ( A, C and E,) are the conservative elements, while 
the second, fourth, sixth and seventh (B. D. F. G,) are the disturb- 
ing elements. 

Q. The musical relation being admitted, would two contiguous 
notes make a discord ? 

Ans, Sirely they would. There is a natural antagonism among 
nations, as well as a reciprocal interest. This is set as a preservative 
from decay, and also as a means of driving out of existence a people 
who, in spite of every moral support, run to corruption. Yet if A and 
B were inclined to quarrel, C and D. might have something to say 
about it. Warfare in the future will have this mitigation. 



APPENDIX. 91 

Q. "Would you carry this antagonism down to individuals in gen- 
eral society ? 

Ans. Of course we should. But society runs into very minute 
details, and would require a separate exposition. 

Q. If your scheme be astronomical, ought it not to cover a much 
greater lapse of time ? 

^715. It should, and does so, in point of fact. But we find no 
warrant for the wild talk about ••millions" and "billions" of years. 
This scheme provides for periods in the geological history of the earth 
as much as it does for those of the zoological. There have been eras 
of rapid, almost instantaneous, chemical combination ; eras in which 
the sea and land were prodigiously prolific ; of briefer existence on 
that account. The fact that remains of these eras are found to-day 
in a good state of preservation ought to be enough to squelch the geo- 
logical millionaires, who use figures apparently without a true sense 
of their value. 

Q. If your system be astronomical, how do you dispose of the ex- 
cess of planets over seven ? 

Ans. We should have no place for the other two unless there are 
more in the distance. Extend the number to 12, aiid we are all right. 
The presence of such a planet as Jupiter, just where he is, seems to 
afford ground for the belief that our astronomers have not yet reached 
the limit of the Solar system. Jupiter is, in fact, a subsidary sun to 
that unknown region. If Bode's law be examined critically there is 
no escape from the conclusion that it is incomplete without further ad- 
ditions. When these are made in proper form, it comes out all right. 
Let us illustrate by an extension of his figures : If we write — 

o, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, 288, 336, 360, 372. 
Adding 4 to each, we get — 

4, 7, 10, 16, 28, 52, 100, 196, 292, 340, 364, 376. 

The singular result is presented that the geometrical relation as to 
distance is preserved up to the eighth, or octave, when it suddenly 
changes. Instead of doubling on 192, it adds only 96. Following 
up this clue we should add 48 to 288; 24 to 336, and 12 to 360. 
We venture to predict that when the remaining three planets are 
discovered, they will be found squarely upon these figures. Bring 
your glasses to bear, gentlemen, and try it. If it should be a suc- 
cess, why not call it Bayne's improvement, or Bayne's Law ? It is 
the direct outcome of this system, and the above figures are essential 
to it. 

Q. How do you dispose of the moon ? 

Ans. The moon is part of the earth, and furnishes a key to the 
cosmos. The earth being 49 times larger than the moon, is 49 times 
slower in coming to the same conclusion. The moon has not been 
habitable since 3456 B. C. and will not survive beyond 3456 A. 1). if 
so long. It is receding from us, and is liable to break up at any time. 

Q. Is not that a little moony! 

Ans. Not at all. A French astronomer, whose name is mislaid, 



92 APPENDIX. 

gave us a hint of the probable change in the moon's base some years 
ago, and Prof. Proctor has done so recently, 

Q. But is there not an absurdity, speaking mathematically, in 
supposing that the earth will be moonless ? 

Arts. We don't say that. Our earth is related to the asteriods, 
the fifth of the planetary series. A displacement of three or four of 
these is also among the probabilities. 

A. Well, do you think the year 5184, A. D., which is as far as 
your System extends, is going to wind up this world of ours, or will 
it go longer."* 

Ans. The year A. D. 5184 is as far ahead as any of us will live 
to see. But as a matter of curiosity, and as coming within the scope 
of the present System, we reply that the end of the existing race 
(for it will have an end), dose not imply an end of the world, by any 
means. There were peculiar races of living beings before our his- 
tory began ; there will be a peculiar people after our history termi- 
nates. The question of the habitability of other worlds is answered 
by the changes that are involved in the devek)pment and progress of 
our own. The idea that the universe is limited to one style of human 
existence is too narrow to be entertained for one moment. 

Q. How is it that you omit all reference to Africa? So large a 
continent cannot surely be entirely left out in the cold. 

Ans. You are right, my boy ! Africa cannot be very well left 
out in the cold. On the contrary, Africa is a fearfully hot country, 
has always been so, and is liable to continue so. Africa, as the origi- 
nal nursery of the human race, came into history earlier than we 
know of. It may hold out later. A great deal is involved in the 
future state of that continent. 

Q. "The original nursery!" You don't mean to say that the 
white race had an African ancestry ? 

^715. If we are to credit Mr. Darwin, it had worse than that. 
But we do nothing of the kind. The fact that the white race is the 
smallest in point of numbers shows that it is a comparatively recent 
affair. If, therefore, it had an African origin, its relationship is now 
so distant as to be in reality a matter of doubt. As we don't pre- 
cisely know how much we are indebted to Africa in the past, nor 
low far we shall be under obligation in the future, perhaps it would 
je well to be civil in our intercourse with the people of that country; 
or nothing seems more true in the administration of the natural 
vorld, than that the time will come when the last shall be made first, 
ind the least the greatest. 

Q. You make a point in favor of the female sex. What do you 
mean by that ? 

Ans. That since the Christian era, the world has been practical- 
ly ruled by it — often grossly misruled. The weight of moral power 
is with the women, nevertheless, and they will be potential accord- 
ingly. 



APPENDIX. 93 

Q. Is there not more of mere opinion than of scientific induc- 
tion in your strictures upon the United States ? _ 

Ans Oh, no. A sine qua non of a free system is virtue and 
intelligence in the voting population. Intelligence without virtue 
don't fill the bill. A disposition to read, and not less, to produce, 
a muiky literature, would in the very nature of things, count 
against free institutions. Nothing is more true than the remark of 
Edmund Burke: '« Passions forge their own fetters. Aside from 
this point, the effort put forth to give every man a stake in the wel- 
fare of society has been a failure, not so much from an insufficiency 
of means, as from downright profligacy. Nothmg could be more 
equitable than the giving and securing to every one a homestead. 
But the object is defeated by the sale of land warrants, by waiving 
exemption, by drunkenness, and other causes; and thus the recipi- 
ents become a dangerous class, and a very burdensome one to the 
more thrifty members of society. If a man would be free he must 
strike a blow for himself. An indifferent course of life will soon 
place him in the servile class, and if there be a million or two like 
himself, their political birthright will go for a mess of pottage. 
Q. That is all very well, but is there nothing else ? 
Ans. Why that is the beginning of the end, my boy! What 
mean the recent conspiracies to steal State governments? to count 
out by party majority, members of Congress who were duly elected ? 
to buy up the electoral vote for President? If this kind of thing 
goes on, secession will take a totally new form, and the States will 
either become close corporations, neither at peace at home or abroad, 
or else they will group themselves according to their local affiliations, 
and destroy the central government which at present is the only guar- 
anty of popular liberty. 

Q. Well, what then? , , r^r 

Ans What then ! What would you have worse than that ? Uf 
course the little confederacies would not agree among themselves. 
The strongest would come uppermost, and would hold the weaker 
to terms by force of arms. You would then have a Caesar with a 
well appointed army at his back, instead of a President meekly 
smoking his cigar at the White House. 

O Still we should live through it, should we not ? 
Ans Oh, yes. We should live through anything that any other 
people have lived through. But see what experience costs, and con- 
sider whether we might not save a little of it. 

Q You seem to be a prophet of evil omen to nearly every nation 
under the sun. Why do you look for the dismemberment of the 

British empire ? ^ ^ • • , u ^ ^ 

Ans Because it can't be helped. Great Britain has been first 
class in making enemies the world over, and when she begins to 
topple over, every one will feel like giving her a kick. And then, 
again .the tenor of history is against an extended empire for any great 



94 APPENDIX. 

length of time. There is nothing to hinder, however, a resort to 
the republican form of government, if, indeed, that be not already an 
established fact, in which event England will lose only her enormous 
self-conceit, and will be all the better for it. 

Q. You make the letter C stand for Turkey, for commerce and 
law. Is not that a little mixed ? 

Ans. So it would seem. But a people who rely upon commerce 
and law alone are upon a very unstable foundation. Where much 
law is required there is little gospel. Turkey will answer this de- 
scription rather better than any other nation, and will have enough 
left over to divide with her friends, 

Q. But you cannot make the letter D stand for both Russia and 
China, unless you add an eighth to the number of your great powers ? 

Ans. Our musical critic tells us that we require an eighth any 
•vvay — to which we have no objection. In fact, we could increase the 
number to tzvelve without damage, if there ever was such a number, 
or if there ever should be in the future. 

Q. How do you make out that the letter G is germinal, and at 
the same time scientific, and make both to fit Germany? 

Ans. Germany is pretty well up in the sciences, quite in advance 
of other nations. It does not follow, however, that such knowledge 
is confined to that nation. Still less that its advantages are reaped 
by it. Nothing is more common than for men to reap where they 
have not sown, while nothing is more unjust. The development of 
the sciences is the result of scattering the seeds of sound observation 
far and wide. We cannot make anything but germinal of such a 
process. 

Q. And you really beUeve that every nation is tuned up to a cer- 
tain key ? 

Ans, Not only every nation, but every individual. Why man, 
alive, ask your organist, and he will tell you that the church edijice 
has its key-note. There are conformations of country the world 
over, that respond to special notes, and to no others. 

Q. Then you hold that there is a musical chord bobbing around 
which stirs up a mining fever one year, unsettles business the next, 
and sets people to thinking the next ? 

Ans. Thee had better go to school awhile, young man ! When 
thee gets older, if perchance wisdom should crown thy old age, thou 
shalt learn that no two days, or months, or years are or ever were 
alike, and never will be alike in every minute particular. Should 
wisdom fail thee, entirely, then rheumatism, or other nervous dis- 
ease, engendered by fast living, may be more convincing. Beside 
the phenomena of the heavens, there is much in the state of the earth 
itself, to stir up human energy. Take for example what is known 
as the Agonic line, and the magnetic pole. This singular affair has a 
motion from east to west, at the rate of about 40 miles a year. It was 
traced through Sweden and Gennany as far back as the year 1580. 



APPENDIX. 95 

Had it anything to do with the thirty years war? In 1620, it ran 
through Holland, How about that ? In 1660, through London, at 
the restoration of Charles II. In 1700, through the west coast of 
Ireland ! It reached the American shore in the midst of the revolu- 
tionary war, 1780. It was in Pennsylvania in 1800. It is now in 
Ohio — the scene of political tunnoil, and the home of Pres. Hayes ! 
But the curious feature in the case is, that China and Japan run a line 
of their own, which describes an ellipse of 2500 miles long and 1500 
miles wide. This is only one example of many that might be ad- 
duced to show that human society is liable to disturbance from ex- 
traneous causes of which we know but little, and that it is kept alive 
by an alternation of stimulus which is at once necessary and desir- 
able. 

Q. You make the letter A stand for Austria, America, Australia, 
and other geographical divisions. What have they in common } 

Ans. So far as Austria is concerned, it is an inchoate empire, 
which is destined to include all of European Turkey, except Greece. 
It is the antithesis of the United States, while yet its organization 
into principalities is subject to the same general principles, that will 
hereafter be more fully developed. It is highly probable, indeed, 
that continental P^urope will be embraced in a federal system, of 
which Austria will be the founder. The United States will include 
the habitable portion of North America, while South America will 
ultimately succumb to the empire of Brazil, with Rio Janeiro as a 
second Is ew York. Australia speaks for itself. Now the mutations 
of time will, if they follow Chinese precedent, bring these several 
divisions to a common level. This answer anticipates several other 
questions for the purpose of bringing them to a close. 

The eftect of the Secession War in the United States is of a wide 
spread character. It was reflected first in Austria, and afterward in 
Germany, and the general principle is now affirmed by the jurists 
of every civilized nation. A State once admitted to a federal union 
W'th its neighbors, cannot dissolve its connection except by success- 
ful revolution. An attempt so to do is an act of hostility, and is to 
be met accordingly. On the other hand, a group of petty States 
which have grown up side by side without entering into amicable 
political relations with each other, will be compelled hereafter to en- 
ter a general system whether agreeable to themselves or not, on the 
ground that isolation means unfriendliness, and is therefore incom- 
patible with the public good. Thus has come about a united Italy 
and a united Germany, and thus must come about confederations the 
world over. The Chinese passed through this ordeal centuries ago. 
They have had their Charlemagne, and their Napoleon, their seces- 
sion war, and their social revolutions; like causes producing like 
effects in every age and under every form of government. But they 
do not, like us, study precedent, and so it may happen that Chinese 
experience may be in the future of more value in America than in 
China itself. 



